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arXiv 2009.14533q-bio.SCcond-mat.stat-mechphysics.bio-ph
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模拟核糖体迁移率对蛋白质合成速率的影响

Modelling the effect of ribosome mobility on the rate of protein synthesis

Olivier Dauloudet, Izaak Neri, Jean-Charles Walter, Jérôme Dorignac, Frédéric Geniet, Andrea Parmeggiani

摘要:

翻译是蛋白质合成的主要步骤之一。它由核糖体组成,将mRNA上编码的核苷酸序列翻译成氨基酸的多肽序列。与mRNA结合的核糖体单向移动,而未结合的核糖体在细胞质中扩散。据推测,核糖体的有限扩散在核糖体循环中起着重要作用,mRNA环化提高了翻译效率。为了估计细胞质扩散对翻译速率的影响,我们考虑耦合到有限扩散库的完全不对称简单排斥过程(TASEP),我们称之为具有扩散的核糖体运输模型(RTD)。在这个模型中,我们推导出蛋白质合成速率作为核糖体的扩散常数的函数的解析表达式,这与连续时间蒙特卡罗模拟的结果相印证。使用广泛的生物相关参数,我们得出结论,生物细胞中的扩散足够快,因此它在控制翻译起始速率方面不起作用。

英文摘要:

Translation is one of the main steps in the synthesis of proteins. It consists of ribosomes that translate sequences of nucleotides encoded on mRNA into polypeptide sequences of amino acids. Ribosomes bound to mRNA move unidirectionally, while unbound ribosomes diffuse in the cytoplasm. It has been hypothesized that finite diffusion of ribosomes plays an important role in ribosome recycling and that mRNA circularization enhances the efficiency of translation. In order to estimate the effect of cytoplasmic diffusion on the rate of translation, we consider a Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process (TASEP) coupled to a finite diffusive reservoir, which we call the Ribosome Transport model with Diffusion (RTD). In this model, we derive an analytical expression for the rate of protein synthesis as a function of the diffusion constant of ribosomes, which is corroborated with results from continuous-time Monte Carlo simulations. Using a wide range of biological relevant parameters, we conclude that diffusion in biological cells is fast enough so that it does not play a role in controlling the rate of translation initiation.

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