arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2008.12648astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EPastro-ph.GA
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金牛座盘流出源的ALMA化学调查(ALMA-DOT)II:I类盘中CO、CS、CN、H $_2$ CO和CH $_3$ OH的垂直分层

ALMA chemical survey of disk-outflow sources in Taurus (ALMA-DOT) II: Vertical stratification of CO, CS, CN, H$_2$CO, and CH$_3$OH in a Class I disk

L. Podio, A. Garufi, C. Codella, D. Fedele, E. Bianchi, F. Bacciotti, C. Ceccarelli, C. Favre, S. Mercimek, K. Rygl, L. Testi

摘要:

行星的化学成分是从行星形成时的原行星盘继承而来的。越来越多的观测证据表明,行星形成的时间不到100万年。这激发了对I类盘的空间分辨光谱观测的需要,正如ALMA金牛座的O2-外流源化学调查(ALMA-DOT)所进行的那样。在ALMA-DOT的背景下,我们在1.3mm连续谱和5条分子谱线上观察到I类源IRAS 04302+2247(蝴蝶星)周围的边缘盘。我们报告的第一次尝试检测甲醇(CH $_3$ OH)在I类磁盘和解决,第一次,磁盘的垂直结构与多个分子示踪剂。CO 2-1、CS 5-4和o-H $_2$ CO 3(1,2)-2(1,1)谱线的大部分发射来自温暖的分子层,谱线强度峰值出现在圆盘高度增加的$z$和径向距离增加的$r$处。分子发射是垂直分层的,在较大的磁盘高度(孔径$z/r\sim0.41-0.45$)相比,CS和H $_2$ CO,这是近共空间($z/r\sim0.21-0.28$)与CO观察。在外中平面,由于分子冻结到尘埃颗粒(冻结层)上,线发射减少了>100(CO)和15(CS)的因子。的H $_2$ CO排放量减少的一个因素,只有约2,这可能是由于H $_2$ CO形成的冰粒,然后通过非热释放到气相中。推测的[CH $_3$ OH]/[H $_2$ CO]丰度比为0.5-0.6,比0级热科里醇低1-2个数量级,比原行星盘的其他值(TW Hya,1.3-1.7)低约2.5倍。此外,它位于较低的边缘,但仍然与彗星中的值一致。这可能表明,在行星和彗星形成之前,一些化学再加工发生在磁盘中。

英文摘要:

The chemical composition of planets is inherited from that of the protoplanetary disk at the time of planet formation. Increasing observational evidence suggests that planet formation occurs in less than 1 Myr. This motivates the need for spatially resolved spectral observations of Class I disks, as carried out by the ALMA chemical survey of Disk-Outflow sources in Taurus (ALMA-DOT). In the context of ALMA-DOT, we observe the edge-on disk around the Class I source IRAS 04302+2247 (the butterfly star) in the 1.3mm continuum and five molecular lines. We report the first tentative detection of methanol (CH$_3$OH) in a Class I disk and resolve, for the first time, the vertical structure of a disk with multiple molecular tracers. The bulk of the emission in the CO 2-1, CS 5-4, and o-H$_2$CO 3(1,2)-2(1,1) lines originates from the warm molecular layer, with the line intensity peaking at increasing disk heights, $z$, for increasing radial distances, $r$. Molecular emission is vertically stratified, with CO observed at larger disk heights (aperture $z/r\sim0.41-0.45$) compared to both CS and H$_2$CO, which are nearly cospatial ($z/r\sim0.21-0.28$). In the outer midplane, the line emission decreases due to molecular freeze-out onto dust grains (freeze-out layer) by a factor of >100 (CO) and 15 (CS). The H$_2$CO emission decreases by a factor of only about 2, which is possibly due to H$_2$CO formation on icy grains, followed by a nonthermal release into the gas phase. The inferred [CH$_3$OH]/[H$_2$CO] abundance ratio is 0.5-0.6, which is 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than for Class 0 hot corinos, and a factor ~2.5 lower than the only other value inferred for a protoplanetary disk (in TW Hya, 1.3-1.7). Additionally, it is at the lower edge but still consistent with the values in comets. This may indicate that some chemical reprocessing occurs in disks before the formation of planets and comets.

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