arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1811.03071astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EPastro-ph.GA
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ALMA狼疮原行星盘调查:来自CN的致密气体盘和分子环的证据

The ALMA Lupus protoplanetary disk survey: evidence for compact gas disks and molecular rings from CN

S. E. van Terwisga, E. F. van Dishoeck, P. Cazzoletti, S. Facchini, L. Trapman, J. P. Williams, C. F. Manara, A. Miotello, N. van der Marel, M. Ansdell, M. R. H… 展开作者

S. E. van Terwisga, E. F. van Dishoeck, P. Cazzoletti, S. Facchini, L. Trapman, J. P. Williams, C. F. Manara, A. Miotello, N. van der Marel, M. Ansdell, M. R. Hogerheijde, M. Tazzari, L. Testi

摘要:

氰化物自由基CN在原行星盘中含量丰富,其线通量通常与$^{13}$ CO的线通量相当。我们试图从94个II类磁盘的狼疮恒星形成区域的CN排放的特点,比较它在其他地区的观测,并解释我们的观察与网格模型。CN的发射形态进行了讨论的两个原始磁盘,Sz 71和Sz 98,并更详细地建模。ALMA观察到狼疮盘中CN N=3-2的敏感性优于先前的调查。使用物理化学代码DALI构建的模型研究了无(尘埃)亚结构圆盘中氯化萘的积分通量和分辨排放。我们发现CN N=3-2是明亮的,并在38%的源中检测到,但其盘积分通量与$^{13}$ CO或连续通量并不强相关。与前ALMA单碟调查相比,没有发现在狼疮和金牛座御夫座CN通量分布的显着差异,虽然$ρ$蛇夫座磁盘可能是微弱的平均。我们发现环形CN发射峰半径约50 AU在两个解决磁盘。我们的结论是,很大一部分的来源是微弱的CN,只有指数气体表面密度截止在$R_{c} \leq 15$ AU可以调和观测模型。这是第一个观测证据,这样一个紧凑的气体盘人口在狼疮。CN的绝对强度和发射形态再现DALI模型,而不需要任何连续子结构,它们是无关的CO雪线的位置。这些观测和这些环的成功建模提供了一个新的探测盘的结构和条件,特别是他们的入射紫外辐射场,如果盘的大小是由数据确定的。

英文摘要:

The cyanide radical CN is abundant in protoplanetary disks, with line fluxes often comparable to those of $^{13}$CO. It is known to be sensitive to UV irradiation of the upper disk atmosphere, with models predicting ring-shaped emission. We seek to characterize the CN emission from 94 Class II disks in the Lupus star forming region, compare it to observations in other regions, and interpret our observations with a grid of models. The CN emission morphology is discussed for two primordial disks, Sz 71 and Sz 98, and modeled in more detail. ALMA observed CN N=3-2 in Lupus disks down to sensitivities better than previous surveys. Models constructed with the physico-chemical code DALI are used to study the integrated fluxes of the disks and resolved emission of CN in disks without (dust) substructures. We find that CN N=3-2 is bright, and detected in 38% of sources, but its disk-integrated flux is not strongly correlated to either $^{13}$CO or continuum flux. Compared to pre-ALMA single-dish surveys, no significant difference in the CN flux distributions in Lupus and Taurus-Auriga is found, although $ρ$ Ophiuchus disks may be fainter on average. We find ring-shaped CN emission with peak radii of ~50 AU in two resolved disks. We conclude that a large fraction of sources is faint in CN; only exponential gas surface density cutoffs at $R_{c} \leq 15$ AU can reconcile observations with models. This is the first observational evidence of such a compact gas disk population in Lupus. Absolute intensities and the emission morphology of CN are reproduced by DALI models without the need for any continuum substructure; they are unrelated to the CO snowline location. These observations and the successful modeling of these rings provide a new probe of the structure and conditions in disks, and particularly their incident UV radiation field, if disk size is determined by the data.

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