Quantum chaotic systems are often defined via the assertion that their spectral statistics coincides with, or is well approximated by, random matrix theory. In this paper we explain how the universal content of random matrix theory emerges as the consequence of a simple symmetry-breaking principle and its associated Goldstone modes. This allows us to write down an effective-field theory (EFT) description of quantum chaotic systems, which is able to control the level statistics up to an accuracy ${\cal O} \left(e^{-S} \right)$ with $S$ the entropy. We explain how the EFT description emerges from explicit ensembles, using the example of a matrix model with arbitrary invariant potential, but also when and how it applies to individual quantum systems, without reference to an ensemble. Within AdS/CFT this gives a general framework to express correlations between "different universes" and we explicitly demonstrate the bulk realization of the EFT in minimal string theory where the Goldstone modes are bound states of strings stretching between bulk spectral branes. We discuss the construction of the EFT of quantum chaos also in higher dimensional field theories, as applicable for example for higher-dimensional AdS/CFT dual pairs.
In this Letter, we bring together two topics in the holographic correspondence - quantum chaos and quark-gluon plasma (QGP). We establish that the first relativistic correction to drag force experienced by a charge carrier moving through a thermal medium (for example, a quark in QGP) at a constant velocity is fixed by the butterfly velocity. Moreover, we show that this result is robust against stringy corrections and anisotropy. For the jet quenching parameter, we find that it is related to the butterfly velocity along the momentum broadening direction and temperature in the spirit of the ``Pl…
Recent work found an enhanced correction to the entanglement entropy of a subsystem in a chaotic energy eigenstate. The enhanced correction appears near a phase transition in the entanglement entropy that happens when the subsystem size is half of the entire system size. Here we study the appearance of such enhanced corrections holographically. We show explicitly how to find these corrections in the example of chaotic eigenstates by summing over contributions of all bulk saddle point solutions, including those that break the replica symmetry. With the help of an emergent rotational symmetry, t…
In this work, we perform a holographic study to estimate the effect of backreaction on the correlation between two subsystems forming the thermofield double (TFD) state. Each of these subsystems is described as a strongly coupled large-$N_c$ thermal field theory, and the backreaction imparted to it is sourced by the presence of a uniform distribution of heavy static quarks. The TFD state we consider here holographically corresponds to an entangled state of two AdS blackholes, each of which is deformed by a uniform distribution of static strings. In order to make a holographic estimation of cor…
Recently, a direct signature of chaos in many body system has been realized from the energy density retarded Green's function using the phenomenon of `pole skipping'. Moreover, special locations in the complex frequency and momentum plane are found, known as the pole skipping points such that the retarded Green's function can not be defined uniquely there. In this paper, we compute the correction/shift to the pole skipping points due to a spatial anisotropy in a holographic system by performing near horizon analysis of EOMs involving different bulk field perturbations, namely the scalar, the a…
Quantum chaos, pole-skipping and hydrodynamics in a holographic system with chiral anomaly
众所周知，由于手征磁效应，手征异常可以通过能量和电荷输运来宏观检测。另一方面，在全息多体系统中，混沌模式可能只与能量守恒有关。这表明，也许人们可以通过诊断这种系统中的量子混沌来检测微观异常。为了研究这一想法，我们考虑在AdS时空中的磁化膜与陈-西蒙斯耦合的散装。通过研究这种背景下的激波几何，我们首先计算了在$μ\ll T$和$ B \ll T^2$极限下，存在外磁场$B$时相应的蝶形速度。我们发现，在$B$的方向上的蝴蝶传播有一个不同的速度比在相反的方向。蝴蝶速度的分裂证实了手征反常可以通过量子混沌在宏观上表现出来的观点。然后，我们表明，极点跳跃点的能量密度格林函数的边界理论准确地符合混沌点。这可能被认为是反常系统中量子混沌的流体动力学起源。另外，在上述背景下，通过研究标量场的近视界动力学，我们发现了与对偶边界算子的两点函数相联系的跳极点谱。我们发现，特定松原频率处跳极点对应的波数之和是一个普适量，与对偶边界算子的标度维度无关。然后，我们表明，这个量遵循一个封闭的公式，可以被视为另一个宏观表现的手征异常。
Entanglement, chaos, and complexity are as important for de Sitter space as for AdS and for black holes. There are similarities and great differences between AdS and dS in how these concepts are manifested in the space-time geometry. In the first part of this paper the Ryu-Takayanagi prescription, the theory of fast scrambling, and the holographic complexity correspondence are reformulated for de Sitter space. Criteria are proposed for a holographic model to describe de Sitter space. The criteria can be summarized by the requirement that scrambling and complexity growth must be "hyperfast." In…
We investigate a large-$N$ CFT in a high-energy pure state coupled to a small auxiliary system of $M$ weakly-interacting degrees of freedom, and argue the relative state complexity of the auxiliary system is holographically dual to an effective low-energy notion of computational cost in the bulk, \textit{i.e.} to the minimal depth of the quantum circuit required to decode its gravitational dual. In light of this, using Nielsen's approach, a new measure of quantum chaos in terms of the evolution of circuit complexity is proposed. It suggests that studying the evolution of circuit complexity of …
The formation and evaporation of small AdS black holes in a theory with a holographic dual is governed by the usual rules of quantum mechanics. The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis explains the validity of semiclassical gravity for local bulk observables and can be used to quantify the magnitude of quantum corrections to the semiclassical approximation. The holographic dual produces a basis of black hole states with finite energy width, and observables that are smooth functions on the classical phase space will self-average over a large number of energy eigenstates, exponential in the Beke…
We discuss the time dependence of subsystem entropies in interacting quantum systems. As a model for the time dependence, we suggest that the entropy is as large as possible given two constraints: one follows from the existence of an emergent light cone, and the other is a conjecture associated to the "entanglement velocity" $v_E$. We compare this model to new holographic and spin chain computations, and to an operator growth picture. Finally, we introduce a second way of computing the emergent light cone speed in holographic theories that provides a boundary dynamics explanation for a special…
A remarkable feature of chaos in many-body quantum systems is the existence of a bound on the quantum Lyapunov exponent. An important question is to understand what is special about maximally chaotic systems which saturate this bound. Here we provide further evidence for the `hydrodynamic' origin of chaos in such systems, and discuss hallmarks of maximally chaotic systems. We first provide evidence that a hydrodynamic effective field theory of chaos we previously proposed should be understood as a theory of maximally chaotic systems. We then emphasize and make explicit a signature of maximal c…
Quantum fluctuations endow spacetime with a foamy texture. The degree of foaminess is dictated by blackhole physics to be of the holographic type. Applied to cosmology, the holographic foam model predicts the existence of dark energy with critical energy density in the current (late) universe, the quanta of which obey infinite statistics. Furthermore we use the deep similarities between turbulence and the spacetime foam phase of strong quantum gravity to argue that the early universe was in a turbulent regime when it underwent a brief cosmic inflation with a "graceful" transition to a laminar …
Universal Time Evolution of Holographic and Quantum Complexity
RIKEN Center for Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences (iTHEMS), RIKEN（理化学研究所跨学科理论与数学科学中心（iTHEMS））；School of Physics and Center of High Energy Physics, Peking University（北京大学物理学院高能物理中心）；Department of Physics, Nagoya University（名古屋大学物理系）
Codimension-Zero Holographic Complexity and Spectral Three-Point Correlators
RIKEN Center for Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences (iTHEMS), RIKEN（理化学研究所交叉理论数学科学中心（iTHEMS））；School of Physics, Peking University（北京大学物理学院）；Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University（北京大学高能物理中心）；Department of Physics, Nagoya University（名古屋大学物理学系）
We study three prominent diagnostics of chaos and scrambling in the context of two-dimensional conformal field theory: the spectral form factor, out-of-time-ordered correlators, and unitary operator entanglement. With the observation that all three quantities may be obtained by different analytic continuations of the torus partition function, we address the connections and distinctions between the information that each quantity provides us. In this process, we study the emergence of irrationality from "large-N" limits of rational conformal field theories (RCFTs) as well as the explicit breakdo…
Institut für theoretische Physik（理论物理研究所）；Chung-Ang University（中央大学）；Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas（巴西物理研究中心）；University of Geneva（日内瓦大学）；Stony Brook University（石溪大学）
We explore the effect of introducing mild nonlocality into otherwise local, chaotic quantum systems, on the rate of information spreading and associated rates of entanglement generation and operator growth. We consider various forms of nonlocality, both in 1-dimensional spin chain models and in holographic gauge theories, comparing the phenomenology of each. Generically, increasing the level of nonlocality increases the rate of information spreading, but in lattice models we find instances where these rates are slightly suppressed.
We revisit the late-time growth rate of various holographic complexity conjectures for neutral and charged AdS black holes with single or multiple horizons in two dimensional (2D) gravity like Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity and JT-like gravity. For complexity-action conjecture, we propose an alternative resolution to the vanishing growth rate at late-time for 2D neutral black hole with multiple horizons as found in the previous studies for JT gravity. For complexity-volume conjectures, we obtain the generic forms of late-time growth rates in the context of extremal volume and Wheeler-DeWitt vo…
