William H. Meeks, Alvaro K. Ramos
We prove that a complete hyperbolic 3-manifold of finite volume does not admit a properly embedded noncompact surface of finite topology with constant mean curvature greater than or equal to 1.
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It is extended a result due to B. Guan and J. Spruck on the asymptotic Plateau's problem for CMC radial graphs in hyperbolic space to horizontal CMC graphs.
In a recent paper Jorge and Mercuri proved that the image of Gauss map of a complete non flat minimal surfaces in R3 with finite total curvature omits at most 2 points. In this work we follow their idea and prove 3a similar result for CMC-1 with finite total curvature in H and CMC-1 faces with finite type and regular ends in S31.
CMC-1 trinoids (i.e. constant mean curvature one immersed surface with three regular embedded ends) in hyperbolic 3-space H^3 are irreducible generically, and the irreducible ones have been classified. However, the reducible case has not yet been fully treated, so in this paper we give an explicit description of CMC-1 trinoids in H^3 that includes the reducible case.
We derive necessary conditions on the parameters of the ends of a CMC-1 trinoid in hyperbolic 3-space $H^{3}$ with symmetry plane by passing to its conjugate minimal surface. Together with Daniel's results, this yields a classification of generic symmetric trinoids. We also discuss the relation to other classification results of trinoids by Bobenko et al. and Umehara-Yamada. To obtain the result above, we show that the conjugate minimal surface of a catenoidal CMC-1 end in $H^{3}$ with symmetry plane is asymptotic to a suitable helicoid.
We study the constant mean curvature (CMC) hypersurfaces in hyperbolic space whose asymptotic boundaries are closed codimension-1 submanifolds in sphere at infinity. We consider CMC hypersurfaces as generalizations of minimal hypersurfaces. We naturally generalize some notions of minimal hypersurfaces like being area minimizing, convex hull property, exchange roundoff trick to the CMC hypersurface context. We also give a generic uniqueness result for CMC hypersurfaces in hyperbolic space.
Free boundary CMC annuli in spherical and hyperbolic balls
该研究构造了S³测地球中任意H下带离散非旋转对称群的无穷多自由边界CMC环面（H≥1/√3时有嵌入实例），还构造了H³测地球中所有H>1时的嵌入非旋转自由边界CMC环面，拓展了常平均曲率曲面的存在性结果。
In this paper, we review results on the existence (and nonexistence) of constant mean curvature spacelike hypersurfaces in the cosmological setting, and discuss the connection to the spacetime splittng problem. It is a pleasure to dedicate this paper to Robert Bartnik, who has made fundamental contributions to this area.
Let $\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n+1}$ \ be the half-space model of the hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^{n+1}.$ It is proved that if $Γ\subset\left\{ x_{n+1}=0\right\} \subset\partial_{\infty}\mathbb{H}^{n+1}$ is a bounded $C^{0}$ Euclidean graph over $\left\{ x_{1}=0,\text{ }x_{n+1}=0\right\} $ then, given $\left\vert H\right\vert <1,$ there is a complete, properly embedded, CMC $H$ hypersurface $Σ$ of $\mathbb{H}^{n+1}$ such that $\partial_{\infty }S=Γ\cup\left\{ x_{n+1}=+\infty\right\} .$ This result can be seen as a limit case of the existence theorem proved by B. Guan and J. Spruck in \cite{GS} on CMC $…
A complete surface of constant mean curvature 1 (CMC-1) in hyperbolic 3-space with constant curvature -1 has two natural notions of "total curvature"-- one is the total absolute curvature which is the integral over the surface of the absolute value of the Gaussian curvature, and the other is the dual total absolute curvature which is the total absolute curvature of the dual CMC-1 surface. In this paper, we completely classify CMC-1 surfaces with dual total absolute curvature at most 4π. Moreover, we give new examples and partially classify CMC-1 surfaces with dual total absolute curvature at m…
Strongly stable CMC-one hypersurfaces in every hyperbolic space of dimension at least four
本文证明在维数至少为四的双曲空间中，一类经典旋转超曲面具有强稳定性，并给出定量不等式，导致端点horospherical刚性失效。
We present a global representation for surfaces in 3-dimensional hyperbolic space with constant mean curvature 1 (CMC-1 surfaces) in terms of holomorphic spinors. This is a modification of Bryant's representation. It is used to derive explicit formulas in hypergeometric functions for CMC-1 surfaces of genus 0 with three regular ends which are asymptotic to catenoid cousins (CMC-1 trinoids).
We prove several topological properties of linear Weingarten surfaces of Bryant type, as wave fronts in hyperbolic 3-space. For example, we show the orientability of such surfaces, and also co-orientability when they are not flat. Moreover, we show an explicit formula of the non-holomorphic hyperbolic Gauss map via another hyperbolic Gauss map which is holomorphic. Using this, we show the orientability and co-orientability of CMC-1 faces (i.e., constant mean curvature one surfaces with admissible singular points) in de Sitter 3-space. (CMC-1 faces might not be wave fronts in general, but belon…
Various transformations of isothermic surfaces are discussed and their interrelations are analyzed. Applications to cmc-1 surfaces in hyperbolic space and their minimal cousins in Euclidean space are presented: the Umehara-Yamada perturbation, the classical and Bryant's Weierstrass type representations, and the duality for cmc-1 surfaces are interpreted in terms of transformations of isothermic surfaces. A new Weierstrass type representation is introduced and a Moebius geometric characterization of cmc-1 surfaces in hyperbolic space and minimal surfaces in Euclidean space is given.
In this paper we will prove that for every integer n>1, there exists a real number H_0<-1 such that every H\in (-\infty,H_0) can be realized as the mean curvature of a embedding of H^{n-1}\times S^1 in the (n+1)-dimensional spaces H^{n+1}. For $n=2$ we explicitly compute the value H_0. For a general value n, we provide function ξ_n defined on (-\infty,-1), which is easy to compute numerically, such that, if ξ_n(H)>-2π, then, H can be realized as the mean curvature of a embedding of H^{n-1}\times S^1 in the (n+1)-dimensional spaces H^{n+1}.
Using a quaternionic calculus, the Christoffel, Darboux, Goursat, and spectral transformations for discrete isothermic nets are described, with their interrelations. The Darboux and spectral transformations are used to define discrete analogs for cmc-1 surfaces in hyperbolic space and to obtain a discrete version of Bryant's Weierstrass type representation.
In this note we present a method for constructing CMC-1 surfaces in hyperbolic 3-space $\bfH^3(-1)$ in terms of holomorphic data first introduced in Bianchi's Lezioni di Geometria Differenziale of 1927, therefore predating by many years the modern approaches due to Bryant, Small and others. Besides its obvious historical interest, this note aims to complement Bianchi's analysis by deriving explicit formulae for CMC-1 surfaces and comparing the various approaches encountered in the literature.
CMC hypersurface with finite index in hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^4$
本文利用μ-bubble方法证明了双曲空间$\u210D^4$及满足曲率条件的4维黎曼流形中，不存在特定的完备非紧常平均曲率/极小稳定超曲面，推进了几何测度论相关不存在性问题的研究。
We give a global version of the Bryant representation of surfaces of constant mean curvature one (cmc-1) in hyperbolic space. This allows to set the associated non-abelian period problem in the framework of flat unitary vector bundles on Riemann surfaces. We use this machinery to prove the existence of certain cmc-1 surfaces having prescribed global monodromy.
This preliminary report studies immersed surfaces of constant mean curvature in $H^3$ through their {\it adjusted Gauss maps} (as harmonic maps in $S^2$) and their {\it adjusted frames} in SU(2). Lawson's correspondence between Euclidean CMC surfaces and their hyperbolic cousins is interpreted here under a different perspective: the equivalence of their Weierstrass representations (normalized potentials). This work also presents a construction algorithm for the moving frame, the adjusted frame, their Maurer-Cartan forms, and ultimately the CMC immersion.
We investigate surfaces with constant harmonic-mean curvature one (HMC-1 surfaces) in hyperbolic three-space. We allow them to have certain kinds of singularities, and discuss some global properties. As well as flat surfaces and surfaces with constant mean curvature one (CMC-1 surfaces), HMC-1 surfaces belong to a certain class of Weingarten surfaces. From the viewpoint of parallel surfaces, CMC-1 surfaces and HMC-1 surfaces are representative among this class.
In this paper, we will prove a result of nonexistence on harmonic diffeomorphisms between punctured spaces. In particular, we will given an elementary proof to the nonexistence of rotationally symmetric harmonic diffeomorphisms from the punctured Euclidean space onto the punctured hyperbolic space.
Complete CMC-1 surfaces in hyperbolic space with arbitrary complex structure
本文证明每个开黎曼曲面都可作为双曲空间中完备 CMC-1 曲面的复结构，并借助全纯零曲线的一致逼近与射流插值定理，进一步得到任意复结构的完备稠密浸入 CMC-1 曲面的存在性。
In 1996, Huisken-Yau proved that every three-dimensional Riemannian manifold can be uniquely foliated near infinity by stable closed surfaces of constant mean curvature (CMC) if it is asymptotically equal to the (spatial) Schwarzschild solution. Using their method, Rigger proved the same theorem for Riemannian manifolds being asymptotically equal to the (spatial) (Schwarzschild-)Anti-de Sitter solution. This was generalized to asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds by Neves-Tian, Chodosh, and the author at a later stage. In this work, we prove the reverse implication as the author already did in …
(CMC) 1-immersions of surfaces into hyperbolic 3-manifolds
该研究针对任意亏格闭可定向曲面到双曲3-流形的CMC 1-浸入问题，通过正交性条件刻画极限过程中的爆发现象，在通有条件下证明了这类临界浸入的存在性与唯一性，拓展了低亏格情形下的相关结果。
$\mathrm{CMC\text{-}1}$ surfaces in hyperbolic and de Sitter spaces with Cantor ends
该研究证明紧黎曼曲面挖去康托集后可到三维双曲空间作真共形$\text{CMC-}1$浸入，带边及此类挖去康托集的紧黎曼曲面可到三维德西特空间作几乎真$\text{CMC-}1$面，结果基于新建立的全纯零曲线一致逼近定理。
Nonexistence Results for Semilinear Parabolic and Hyperbolic Equations on Metric Graphs
研究度量图上具有正势能的半线性抛物和双曲不等式解的不存在性，通过构造新伪度量和时空测试函数，在加权时空体积增长条件下证明非常弱解必为零。
Using the Bryant representation, we define a new flux on homology classes of CMC-1 surfaces in hyperbolic 3-space, satisfying a balancing formula which is useful to show nonexistencd of certain kinds of complete CMC-1 surfaces.
It has been shown in by Huang-Lucia-Tarantello [17] that, for given $\vert c \vert <1$, the moduli space of constant mean curvature (CMC) $c$-immersions of a closed orientable surface of genus $\mathfrak{g} \geq 2$ into a hyperbolic $3$-manifold can be parametrized by elements of the tangent bundle of the corresponding Teichmüller space. This is attained by showing the unique solvability of the Gauss-Codazzi equations governing (CMC) c-immersions. The corresponding unique solution is identified as the global minimum (and only critical point) of the Donaldson functional $D_t$ (introduced in [11…
Timelike meridian surfaces of hyperbolic type in the Minkowski 4-space
研究 Minkowski 4-空间中一类特殊的类时曲面（双曲型类时子午面），证明其具有平坦法向连接，并分类了常 Gauss 曲率、极小、非零常平均曲率以及具有平行归一化平均曲率向量场的曲面。
In 1996, Huisen-Yau proved that every three-dimensional, asymptotically Schwarzschilden manifold with positive mass is uniquely foliated by stable spheres of constant mean curvature and they defined the center of mass using this CMC-foliation. Rigger and Neves-Tian showed in 2004 and 2009/10 analogous existence and uniqueness theorems for three-dimensional, asymptotically Anti-de Sitter and asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds with positive mass aspect function, respectively. Last year, Cederbaum-Cortier-Sakovich proved that the CMC-foliation characterizes the center of mass in the hyperbolic s…
Rotational cmc surfaces in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions
本文利用雅可比椭圆函数和Lie球面几何方法，对非欧空间形式中的旋转常平均曲率曲面进行分类，并给出双曲空间中旋转常调和平均曲率曲面的显式参数化，补全了管道线性Weingarten曲面分类的最后空白。
In this work, complete constant mean curvature 1 (CMC-1) surfaces in hyperbolic 3-space with total absolute curvature at most 4 pi are classified. This classification suggests that the Cohn-Vossen inequality can be sharpened for surfaces with odd numbers of ends, and a proof of this is given.
Extrinsic characterizations of biconservative surfaces in the $4$-dimensional hyperbolic space
本文研究了四维双曲空间中非常数平均曲率（非CMC）且具有平行归一化平均曲率向量场（PNMC）的双保守曲面，通过超曲面模型提供了这些曲面的局部外在描述，并将其分为三种情况，从而完善了四维空间形式中非CMC、PNMC曲面的分类。
In this paper we study triharmonic hypersurfaces immersed in a space form $N^{n+1}(c)$. We prove that any proper CMC triharmonic hypersurface in the sphere $\mathbb S^{n+1}$ has constant scalar curvature; any CMC triharmonic hypersurface in the hyperbolic space $\mathbb H^{n+1}$ is minimal. Moreover, we show that any CMC triharmonic hypersurface in the Euclidean space $\mathbb R^{n+1}$ is minimal provided that the multiplicity of the principal curvature zero is at most one. In particular, we are able to prove that every CMC triharmonic hypersurface in the Euclidean space $\mathbb R^{6}$ is min…
In this paper, we prove gap results for constant mean curvature (CMC) surfaces. Firstly, we find a natural inequality for CMC surfaces which imply convexity for distance function. We then show that if $Σ$ is a complete, properly embedded CMC surface in the Euclidean space satisfying this inequality, then $Σ$ is either a sphere or a right circular cylinder. Next, we show that if $Σ$ is a free boundary CMC surface in the Euclidean 3-ball satisfying the same inequality, then either $Σ$ is a totally umbilical disk or an annulus of revolution. These results complete the picture about gap theorems f…
In this paper we study minimal and constant mean curvature (cmc) periodic surfaces in H^2 x R. More precisely, we consider quotients of H^2 x R by discrete groups of isometries generated by horizontal hyperbolic translations f and/or a vertical translation T. In the quotient by the Z^2 subgroup of the isometry group generated by any f and T, we prove an Alexandrov-type theorem for cmc surfaces, i.e., an analysis of compact embedded cmc surfaces in such a quotient. The remainder of the paper is devoted to construct examples of periodic minimal surfaces in H^2 x R.
Examples of cosmological spacetimes without CMC Cauchy surfaces
本文通过推广 Bartnik 的构造，证明了存在以任意两个紧致定向 Euclid 或双曲三维流形的连通和为空间拓扑且无 CMC Cauchy 曲面的宇宙学时空，并利用 Tolman-Bondi 类度量实现了 Schwarzschild 与 FLRW 模型的平滑粘合。
In this paper, we prove the nonexistence of $L^2$ harmonic 1-forms on a complete super stable minimal submanifold $M$ in hyperbolic space under the assumption that the first eigenvalue $λ_1 (M)$ for the Laplace operator on $M$ is bounded below by $(2n-1)(n-1)$. Moreover, we provide sufficient conditions for minimal submanifolds in hyperbolic space to be super stable.
Given a constant mean curvature surface that bounds a compact manifold with nonnegative scalar curvature, we obtain intrinsic conditions on the surface that guarantee the positivity of its Hawking mass. We also obtain estimates of the Bartnik mass of such surfaces, without assumptions on the integral of the squared mean curvature. If the ambient manifold has negative scalar curvature, our method also applies and yields estimates on the hyperbolic Bartnik mass of these surfaces.
With the developments of the last decade on complete constant mean curvature 1 (CMC 1) surfaces in the hyperbolic 3-space $H^3$, many examples of such surfaces are now known. However, most of the known examples have regular ends. (An end is irregular, resp. regular, if the hyperbolic Gauss map of the surface has an essential singularity, resp. at most a pole, there.) There are some known surfaces with irregular ends, but they are all either reducible or of infinite total curvature. (The surface is reducible if and only if the monodromy of the secondary Gauss map can be simultaneously diagonali…
We prove that a spacelike spherical symmetric constant mean curvature (SSCMC) surface and a general spacelike constant mean curvature (CMC) surface with certain boundary condition at the future null-infinity in Schwarzschild spacetime are asymptotically hyperbolic in the sense of Wang \cite{Wang2001} and Chruściel-Herzlich \cite{ChruscielHerzlich} respectively. Near the future null-infinity ($s=0$), we derive that the boundary data of spacelike CMC surfaces can be expressed as those on $\mathbb{S}^{2}$ up to three order and obtain a compatibility condition for fourth order derivatives near $s=…
Motivated by the beautiful theory and the rich applications of harmonic conformal immersions and conformal immersions of constant mean curvature (CMC) surfaces, we study biharmonic conformal immersions of surfaces into a generic 3-manifold. We first derive an invariant equation for such immersions, we then try to answer the question, "what surfaces can be biharmonically conformally immersed into Euclidean 3-space?" We prove that a circular cylinder is the only CMC surface that can be biharmonically conformally immersed into a Euclidean 3-space; We obtain a classification of biharmonic conforma…
A CMC existence result for expanding cosmological spacetimes
本文在满足强能量条件的宇宙时空条件下，证明了存在一个CMC柯西面，并解决了相关猜想。
With a view to constructing a Morse/Floer homology theory for CMC hypersurfaces, we prove a compactness result modulo broken trajectories for eternal mean curvature flows with forcing term in compact, hyperbolic manifolds.
CMC-1 surfaces via osculating Möbius transformations between circle patterns
本文研究平面内相同组合圆模式间的莫比乌斯变换，导出双曲空间中对偶图的实现，刻画其在共享剪切坐标或交角时的一一对应关系，类比常平均曲率曲面的 Weierstrass 表示，并在三角格上建立收敛性。
Existence and nonexistence results for a nonlocal isoperimetric problem on $\mathbb{H}^n$
本文研究了双曲空间中非局部等周问题，证明了小体积时测地球体为唯一极小解，并在特定指数范围内获得了大体积时的不存在性结果。
Let $\M_*=\cup_{t\in [t_0, t_*)} Σ_t$ be a part of vacuum globally hyperbolic space-time $(\bM, \bg)$, foliated by constant mean curvature hypersurfaces $Σ_t$ with $t_0<t_*<0$. We show that the foliation can be extended beyond $t_*$ if the second fundamental form $k$ and the lapse function $n$ satisfy $$ \int_{t_0}^{t_*}(\|k\|_{L^\infty(Σ_t)}+\|\nab \log n\|_{L^\infty(Σ_t)}) dt <\infty. $$ This improves the existing breakdown criteria for Einstein vacuum equations.
Complete CMC hypersurfaces in Minkowski (n+1)-space
本文证明 Minkowski 空间任意正则区域存在唯一的类空 CMC 超曲面叶层结构，完成整类空 CMC 超曲面分类，并据此得到 2+1 维常 Gauss 曲率整曲面与双曲平面直凸区域等距。
Finite index constant mean curvature hypersurfaces in low dimensions
本文证明在六维流形中，完备有限指数浸入的常均曲率超曲面要么是极小的要么是紧致的，扩展了低维结果，并完成六维正曲率空间中双侧完备弱稳定常均曲率超曲面的分类。
Holography and Cheeger constant of asymptotically CMC submanifolds
本文研究渐近双曲流形中渐近 CMC 子流形的 Cheeger 常数，并刻画弱 Poincaré--Einstein 条件及渐近极小超曲面平均曲率二阶消失的共形障碍。
Constant mean curvature surfaces from ring patterns: Geometry from combinatorics
本文利用正交相交圆的球填充定义了三维欧几里得和洛伦兹空间中的离散常平均曲率曲面，提出变分原理求解边界值问题，并基于纯组合数据构造经典曲面的离散类比，推广了Koebe多面体的离散极小曲面理论。
In this paper, we show that the nonexistence of rotationally symmetric harmonic diffeomorphism between the unit disk without the origin and a punctured disc with hyperbolic metric on the target.
We construct simply connected, complete, non-$CMC$ biconservative surfaces in the $3$-dimensional hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^3$ in an intrinsic and extrinsic way. We obtain three families of such surfaces, and, for each surface, the set of points where the gradient of the mean curvature function does not vanish is dense and has two connected components. In the intrinsic approach, we first construct a simply connected, complete abstract surface and then prove that it admits a unique biconservative immersion in $\mathbb{H}^3$. Working extrinsically, we use the images of the explicit parametric…
We review recent results on classifying complete constant mean curvature 1 (CMC 1) surfaces in hyperbolic 3-space with low total curvature. There are two natural notions of "total curvature" -- one is the total absolute curvature, which is the integral over the surface of the absolute value of the Gaussian curvature, and the other is the dual total absolute curvature, which is the total absolute curvature of the dual CMC 1 surface. Here we discuss results on both notions (proven in two other papers by the authors), and we introduce new results as well.
We study 2-dimensional submanifolds of the space ${\mathbb{L}}({\mathbb{H}}^3)$ of oriented geodesics of hyperbolic 3-space, endowed with the canonical neutral Kähler structure. Such a surface is Lagrangian iff there exists a surface in ${\mathbb{H}}^3$ orthogonal to the geodesics of $Σ$. We prove that the induced metric on a Lagrangian surface in ${\mathbb{L}}({\mathbb{H}}^3)$ has zero Gauss curvature iff the orthogonal surfaces in ${\mathbb{H}}^3$ are Weingarten: the eigenvalues of the second fundamental form are functionally related. We then classify the totally null surfaces in ${\mathbb{L…
Zariski-Dense Monodromy of Singular Hyperbolic Metrics on Non-Hyperbolic Riemann Surfaces
该研究证实了作者的猜想：非双曲黎曼曲面上奇异双曲度量的单值群在${\rm PSL}(2,\boldsymbol{R})$中扎里斯基稠密，通过证明抛物型黎曼曲面的相关性质并结合子群不存在性结果完成证明。
We survey our recent results on classifying complete constant mean curvature 1 (CMC-1) surfaces in hyperbolic 3-space with low total curvature. There are two natural notions of "total curvature"-- one is the total absolute curvature which is the integral over the surface of the absolute value of the Gaussian curvature, and the other is the dual total absolute curvature which is the total absolute curvature of the dual CMC-1 surface. Here we discuss results on both notions (proven in two other papers by the authors), and we introduce some new results (with proofs) as well.
It is well-know that Hawking mass is nonnegative for a stable constant mean curvature ($CMC$) sphere in three manifold of nonnegative scalar curvature. R. Bartnik proposed the rigidity problem of Hawking mass of stable $CMC$ spheres. In this paper, we show partial rigidity results of Hawking mass for stable $CMC$ spheres in asymptotic flat ($AF$) manifolds with nonnegative scalar curvature. If the Hawking mass of a nearly round stable $CMC$ surface vanishes, then the surface must be standard sphere in $\mathbb{R}^3 $ and the interior of the surface is flat. The similar results also hold for as…
We construct solutions to the constraint equations in general relativity using the limit equation criterion introduced by Dahl, Humbert and the first author. We focus on solutions over compact 3-manifolds admitting a $\bS^1$-symmetry group. When the quotient manifold has genus greater than 2, we obtain strong far from CMC results.
For constant mean curvature surfaces of class $C^2$ immersed inside Sasakian sub-Riemannian 3-manifolds we obtain a formula for the second derivative of the area which involves horizontal analytical terms, the Webster scalar curvature of the ambient manifold, and the extrinsic shape of the surface. Then we prove classification results for complete surfaces with empty singular set which are stable, i.e., second order minima of the area under a volume constraint, inside the 3-dimensional sub-Riemannian space forms. In the first Heisenberg group we show that such a surface is a vertical plane. In…
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