arXiv 2006.132552020-06hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph

畴壁孤子的激发

Exciting the Domain Wall Soliton

Jose J. Blanco-Pillado, Daniel Jiménez-Aguilar, Jon Urrestilla

备注：: 49 pages, 17 figures; typos corrected
发表信息：: JCAP01(2021)027
DOI：: 10.1088/1475-7516/2021/01/027

摘要：

场论中的许多孤子组态在其线性微扰谱中具有定域束缚态。这就开辟了这些孤子的长寿命激发的可能性，这可能会影响它们的动力学。我们开始在最简单的配置中的一个域壁扭结解决方案的$λϕ^4$理论在$1+1$尺寸的这些影响的研究。我们证明了这个解有一个单一的束缚态，并数值研究了它在平坦空间中的慢衰减速率。然后，我们调查的振幅，这种激发模拟宇宙学的相变，导致这些扭结在膨胀的宇宙形成。我们发现，扭结得到形成的$20\%$过剩的能量相对于他们的最低能量配置。我们还探讨了与热浴相互作用的扭结解决方案，并提取作为温度的函数的局部激发的振幅。我们注意到，这个振幅随温度而增加，但扭结中的额外能量永远不会超过$20\%$能级。最后，我们认为，这种额外的能量可能会产生重要的后果，在随后的演变中的缺陷的数值模拟。

英文摘要：

Many solitonic configurations in field theory have localized bound states in their spectrum of linear perturbations. This opens up the possibility of having long lived excitations of these solitons that could affect their dynamics. We start the study of these effects in the simplest configuration of a domain wall kink solution in the $λϕ^4$ theory in $1+1$ dimensions. We show that this solution has a single bound state and numerically study its slow decay rate in flat space. We then investigate the amplitude of this excitation by simulating a cosmological phase transition that leads to the formation of these kinks in an expanding universe. We find that kinks get formed with a $20\%$ excess of energy with respect to their lowest energy configuration. We also explore the kink solution interacting with a thermal bath and extract the amplitude of the localized excitation as a function of temperature. We note that this amplitude increases with temperature but again the extra energy in the kink never goes over the $20\%$ level. Finally, we argue that this extra energy may have important consequences in the subsequent evolution of defects in numerical simulations.

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