R. Hadjiiska, A. Samalan, M. Tytgat, N. Zaganidis, G. A. Alves, F. Marujo, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo, E. M. Da Costa, D. De Jesus Damiao, H. Nogima, A. Santo… 展开作者
R. Hadjiiska, A. Samalan, M. Tytgat, N. Zaganidis, G. A. Alves, F. Marujo, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo, E. M. Da Costa, D. De Jesus Damiao, H. Nogima, A. Santoro, S. Fonseca De Souza, A. Aleksandrov, P. Iaydjiev, M. Rodozov, M. Shopova, G. Sultanov, M. Bonchev, A. Dimitrov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov, A. Petrov, S. J. Qian, C. Bernal, A. Cabrera, J. Fraga, A. Sarkar, S. Elsayed, Y. Assran, M. El Sawy, M. A. Mahmoud, Y. Mohammed, C. Combaret, M. Gouzevitch, G. Grenier, I. Laktineh, L. Mirabito, K. Shchablo, I. Bagaturia, D. Lomidze, I. Lomidze, V. Bhatnagar, R. Gupta, P. Kumari, J. Singh, V. Amoozegar, B. Boghrati, M. Ebraimi, R. Ghasemi, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, E. Zareian, M. Abbrescia, R. Aly, W. Elmetenawee, N. De Filippis, A. Gelmi, G. Iaselli, S. Leszki, F. Loddo, I. Margjeka, G. Pugliese, D. Ramos, M. Caponero, L. Benussi, S. Bianco, S. Colafranceschi, A. Russo, L. Passamonti, D. Piccolo, D. Pierluigi, G. Saviano, S. Buontempo, A. Di Crescenzo, F. Fienga, G. De Lellis, L. Lista, S. Meola, P. Paolucci, A. Braghieri, P. Salvini, P. Montagna, C. Riccardi, P. Vitulo, B. Francois, T. J. Kim, J. Park, S. Y. Choi, B. Hong, K. S. Lee, J. Goh, H. Lee, J. Eysermans, C. Uribe Estrada, I. Pedraza, H. Castilla-Valdez, A. Sanchez-Hernandez, C. A. Mondragon Herrera, D. A. Perez Navarro, G. A. Ayala Sanchez, S. Carrillo, E. Vazquez, A. Radi, A. Ahmad, I. Asghar, H. Hoorani, S. Muhammad, M. A. Shah, I. Crotty
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6 pages, Conference proceeding for the 2020 Resistive Plate Chambers and Related Detectors. Minor revision of the report, the results remain unchanged. Three new plots are added and some details were explained better
The expected radiation background in the CMS RPC system has been studied using the MC prediction with the CMS FLUKA simulation of the detector and the cavern. The MC geometry used in the analysis describes very accurately the present RPC system but still does not include the complete description of the RPC upgrade region with pseudorapidity $1.9 < \lvert η\rvert < 2.4$. Present results will be updated with the final geometry description, once it is available. The radiation background has been studied in terms of expected particle rates, absorbed dose and fluence. Two High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) scenarios have been investigated - after collecting $3000$ and $4000$ fb$^{-1}$. Estimations with safety factor of 3 have been considered, as well.
The second LHC long shutdown period (LS2) is an important opportunity for the CMS Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) to complete their consolidation and upgrade projects. The consolidation includes detector maintenance for gas tightness, HV (high voltage), LV (low voltage) and slow control operation. All services for the RPC Phase-2 upgrade, namely RE3/1 and RE4/1, were anticipated for installation to LS2. This paper summarises the RPC system maintenance and upgrade activities.
The CMS experiment collected around 150 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV during the Run-2 data taking period of LHC. The CMS RPC system provided redundant information for robust muon triggering, reconstruction and identification. To ensure stable data taking, the CMS RPC collaboration has performed detector operation, calibration and performance studies. After the end of Run-2, it was started the second LHC long shutdown period (LS2), an important opportunity for maintenance and preparation for the next data taking period (Run-3) and the installation of services…
Resistive Plate Chambers have a very important role for muon triggering both in the barrel and in the endcap regions of the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In order to optimize their performance, it is of primary importance to tune the electronic threshold of the front-end boards reading the signals from these detectors. In this paper we present the results of a study aimed to evaluate the effects on the RPC efficiency, cluster size and detector intrinsic noise rate, of variations of the electronics threshold voltage.
The CMS experiment, located at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in CERN, has a redundant muon system composed by three different gaseous detector technologies: Cathode Strip Chambers (in the forward regions), Drift Tubes (in the central region), and Resistive Plate Chambers (both its central and forward regions). All three are used for muon reconstruction and triggering. The CMS RPC system confers robustness and redundancy to the muon trigger. The RPC system operation in the challenging background and pileup conditions of the LHC environment is presented. The RPC system provides information to …
The CMS experiment recorded 177.75 /fb of proton-proton collision data during the RUN-1 and RUN-2 data taking period. Successful data taking at increasing instantaneous luminosities with the evolving detector configuration was a big achievement of the collaboration. The CMS RPC system provided redundant information for the robust muon triggering, reconstruction, and identification. To ensure stable data taking, the CMS RPC collaboration has performed detector operation, calibration, and performance studies. Various software and related tools are developed and maintained accordingly. In this pa…
The CMS Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) system has been certified for 10 years of LHC operation. In the next years, during the High luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) phase, the LHC instantaneous luminosity will increase to a factor five more than the existing LHC luminosity. This will subject the present CMS RPC system to background rates and operating conditions much higher with respect to those for which the detectors have been designed. Those conditions could affect the detector properties and introduce nonrecoverable aging effects. A dedicated longevity test is set up in the CERN Gamma Irradiation Fac…
The Muon Upgrade Phase II of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) aims to guarantee the optimal conditions of the present system and extend the $η$ coverage to ensure a reliable system for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) period. The Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) system will upgrade the off-detector electronics (called link system) of the chambers currently installed chambers and place improved RPCs (iRPCs) to cover the high pseudo$-$rapidity region, a challenging region for muon reconstruction in terms of background and momentum resolution. In order to find the best option for …
The CMS RPC gas gain monitoring system: an overview and preliminary results
介绍了INFN（Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare）Frascati实验室研制的CMS RPC气体增益监测（GGM）系统的现状，GGM系统是一个基于小型RPC探测器的宇宙线望远镜，其工作气体与CMS RPC系统相同。GGM增益和效率被连续在线监测，从而提供对工作点条件的任何变化的快速和准确的确定。介绍了GGM的施工细节和调试的初步结果。
The high pseudorapidity ($η$) region of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) muon system is covered by Cathode Strip Chambers only and lacks redundant coverage despite the fact that it is a challenging region for muons in terms of backgrounds and momentum resolution. During the annual Year-End Technical Stops 2022 & 2023, two new layers of improved Resistive Plate Chambers (iRPC) will be added, RE3/1 & RE4/1, which will completely cover the region of $1.8 < |η| < 2.4$ in the endcap. Thus, the additional new chambers will lead to increase efficiency for both trigger and offline reconstruction in the…
During Phase-2 of the LHC, known as the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the accelerator will increase its instantaneous luminosity to 5 $\times$ 10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, delivering an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb$^{-1}$ over 10 years of operation starting from 2027. In view of the HL-LHC, the CMS muon system will be upgraded to sustain efficient muon triggering and reconstruction performance. Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) serve as dedicated detectors for muon triggering due to their excellent timing resolution, and will extend $|η|$ (pseudorapidity) up to a region of 2.4. Before Long …
电阻板室（RPC）μ介子子系统对触发决策的形成和μ介子轨迹参数的重建有重要贡献。RPC响应的模拟是整个CMS Monte Carlo软件的关键部分，直接影响最终的物理结果。一种基于参数化的RPC效率，噪声，集群大小和定时为每个带的算法已经开发。从宇宙和质子-质子碰撞在$\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV的实验数据已被用于确定的参数。已制定了专门的验证程序。模拟和实验数据之间取得了很好的一致性。
During the upcoming High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), the integrated luminosity of the accelerator will increase to 3000 fb$^{-1}$. The expected experimental conditions in that period in terms of background rates, event pileup, and the probable aging of the current detectors present a challenge for all the existing experiments at the LHC, including the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. To ensure a highly performing muon system for this period, several upgrades of the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) system of the CMS are currently being implemented. These include …
Performance of Resistive Plate Chambers installed during the first long shutdown of the CMS experiment
CMS实验位于欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机，有一个由三种不同的探测器技术组成的冗余μ子系统：阴极条室（在前部区域），漂移管（在中部区域）和电阻板室（其中部和前部区域）。所有这三个都用于μ子重建和触发。在LHC（2013-2014）的第一次长停堆（LS 1）期间，CMS μ子系统已经升级，在第四个前站上新安装了144个RPC。新的腔室确保并提高了LHC Run 2在高亮度条件下的μ子触发效率。这些室已成功安装并投入使用。该系统已成功运行，并对实验数据进行了采集和分析。将介绍新安装的RPC的性能结果。
The CMS muon system at the LHC is built of different detector technologies. The measurement of the background hit rates in the different muon detectors during the LHC Run-2 is of prime importance for an assessment of the longevity of the chambers and their on-board electronics, and therefore for the expected performance of the system at HL-LHC. Moreover, an accurate modelling of the backgrounds using simulations is also critical, as an estimation of the expected radiation background for the Phase-2 upgrade can only rely on Montecarlo-based predictions in the regions where new detectors are bei…
The Standard Model of particle physics is extremely well tested and yet is not believed to be a theory of everything. Many extensions of the Standard Model predict the existence of new particles. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a high energy proton-proton collider which may be able to produce such particles. In this work strategies have been developed to search for new physics by identifying high energy electrons produced by the decay of W boson using 2.8 pb-1 of real data. The electron identification for CMS has been presented. Simple cut based selections and a complete set of variables to…
