Let $G$ be a finite group, and let cs$(G)$ be the set of conjugacy class sizes of $G$. Recalling that an element $g$ of $G$ is called a \emph{vanishing element} if there exists an irreducible character of $G$ taking the value $0$ on $g$, we consider one particular subset of cs$(G)$, namely, the set vcs$(G)$ whose elements are the conjugacy class sizes of the vanishing elements of $G$. Motivated by the results in \cite{BLP}, we describe the class of the finite groups $G$ such that vcs$(G)$ consists of a single element \emph{under the assumption that $G$ is supersolvable or $G$ has a normal Sylow $2$-subgroup} (in particular, groups of odd order are covered). As a particular case, we also get a characterization of finite groups having a single vanishing conjugacy class size \emph{which is either a prime power or square-free}.
We obtain non-vanishing of group $L^p$-cohomology of Lie groups for $p$ large and when the degree is equal to the rank of the group. This applies both to semisimple and to some suitable solvable groups. In particular, it confirms that Gromov's question on vanishing below the rank is formulated optimally. To achieve this, some complementary vanishings are combined with the use of spectral sequences. To deduce the semisimple case from the solvable one, we also need comparison results between various theories for $L^p$-cohomology, allowing the use of quasi-isometry invariance.
We give a sufficient condition for parameter rigidity of actions of solvable Lie groups, by vanishing of (uncountably many) first cohomologies of the orbit foliations. In some cases, we can prove that vanishing of finitely many cohomologies is sufficient. For this purpose we use a rigidity property of quasiisometry. As an application we prove some actions of 2-step solvable Lie groups on mapping tori are parameter rigid. Special cases of these actions are considered in a paper of Matsumoto and Mitsumatsu. We also remark on the relation between transitive locally free actions of solvable Lie gr…
In this paper, we investigate the difference between weak second maximal subgroups and second maximal subgroups. A sufficient and necessary condition is also given to describe such class of groups whose weak second maximal subgroups coincide with its second maximal subgroups(called WSM-groups) under the solvable case. As an application, we show that every non-vanishing element of a solvable WSM-group lies in its Fitting subgroup.
Let $M\stackrel{ρ_0}{\curvearrowleft}S$ be a $C^\infty$ locally free action of a connected simply connected solvable Lie group $S$ on a closed manifold $M$. Roughly speaking, $ρ_0$ is parameter rigid if any $C^\infty$ locally free action of $S$ on $M$ having the same orbits as $ρ_0$ is $C^\infty$ conjugate to $ρ_0$. In this paper we prove two types of result on parameter rigidity. First let $G$ be a connected semisimple Lie group with finite center of real rank at least $2$ without compact factors nor simple factors locally isomorphic to $\mathrm{SO}_0(n,1)$ $(n\geq2)$ or $\mathrm{SU}(n,1)$ $(…
Let $ x $ be an element of a finite group $ G $ and denote the order of $ x $ by $ \mathrm{ord}(x) $. We consider a finite group $ G $ such that $ \gcd(\mathrm{ord}(x),\mathrm{ord}(y))\leqslant 2 $ for any two vanishing elements $ x $ and $ y $ contained in distinct conjugacy classes. We show that such a group $ G $ is solvable. When $ G $ with the property above is supersolvable, we show that $ G $ has a normal metabelian $ 2 $-complement.
The weights for a finite group G with respect to a prime number p where introduced by Jon Alperin, in order to formulate his celebrated conjecture. In 1992, Everett Dade formulates a refinement of Alperin's conjecture involving ordinary irreducible characters - with their defect - and, in 2000, Geoffrey Robinson proves that the new conjecture holds for p-solvable groups. But this refinement is formulated in terms of a vanishing alternating sum, without giving any possible refinement for the weights. In this note we show that, in the case of the p-solvable finite groups, the method developed in…
Let $ G$ be a finite group and $p$ be a prime. Let $ \mathrm{Vo}(G) $ denote the set of the orders of vanishing elements, $\mathrm{Vo}_{p} (G)$ be the subset of $ \mathrm{Vo}(G) $ consisting of those orders of vanishing elements divisible by $p$ and $\mathrm{Vo}_{p'} (G) $ be the subset of $ \mathrm{Vo}(G) $ consisting of those orders of vanishing elements not divisible by $p$. Dolfi, Pacifi, Sanus and Spiga proved that if $ a $ is not a $ p $-power for all $ a\in \mathrm{Vo}(G)$, then $ G $ has a normal Sylow $ p $-subgroup. In another article, the same authors also show that if if $ \mathrm{…
A theorem of Delorme states that every unitary representation of a connected Lie group with nontrivial reduced first cohomology has a finite-dimensional subrepresentation. More recently Shalom showed that such a property is inherited by cocompact lattices and stable under coarse equivalence among amenable countable discrete groups. We give a new geometric proof of Delorme's theorem which extends to a larger class of groups, including solvable $p$-adic algebraic groups, and finitely generated solvable groups with finite Prüfer rank. Moreover all our results apply to isometric representations in…
We show that the group cohomology of torsion-free virtually polycyclic groups and the continuous cohomology of simply connected solvable Lie groups can be computed by the rational cohomology of algebraic groups. Our results are generalizations of certian results on the cohomology of solvmanifolds and infra-solvmanifolds. Moreover as an application of our results, we give a simple proof of the surprising cohomology vanishing theorem given by Dekimpe-Igodt.
Suppose that a finite solvable group $G$ acts faithfully, irreducibly and quasi-primitively on a finite vector space $V$, and $G$ is not metacyclic. Then $G$ always has a regular orbit on $V$ except for a few "small" cases. We completely classify these cases in this paper.
A group is called a CA-group if the centralizer of every non-central element is abelian. Furthermore, a group is called a minimal non-CA-group if it is not a CA-group itself, but all of its proper subgroups are. In this paper, we give a classification of the finite non-solvable minimal non-CA-groups.
Let $G$ be a finite group, and let $V$ be a completely reducible faithful $G$-module. By a result of Glauberman it has been known for a long time that if $G$ is nilpotent of class 2, then $|G| < |V|$. In this paper we generalize this result as follows. Assuming $G$ to be solvable, we show that the order of the maximal class 2 quotient of $G$ is strictly bounded above by $|V|$.
We classify the connected $3$-dimensional differentiable Bol loops $L$ having a solvable Lie group as the group topologically generated by the left translations of $L$ using $3$-dimensional solvable Lie triple systems. Together with \cite{figula} our results complete the classification of all $3$-dimensional differentiable Bol loops.
We consider the following problem stated by Vdovin (2010) in the "Kourovka notebook" (Problem 17.41): Let $H$ be a solvable subgroup of a finite group $G$ that has no nontrivial solvable normal subgroups. Do there always exist five conjugates of $H$ whose intersection is trivial? This problem is closely related to a conjecture by Babai, Goodman and Pyber (1997) about an upper bound for the index of a normal solvable subgroup in a finite group. In particular, a positive answer to Vdovin's problem yields that if $G$ has a solvable subgroup of index $n$, then it has a solvable normal subgroup of …
Suppose that $G$ is a finite, transitive, solvable permutation group acting on a set $S$ with $n$ elements. Let $G_0$ be the stabilizer of a point $α\in Ω$. Define the rank of a permutation group, denoted $r(G),$ as the number of distinct orbits of $G_0$ in $S$ (including the trivial orbit $\{α\}$). Huppert \cite{Huppert} and Foulser \cite{Foulser} classified all finite, solvable, permutation groups of rank two and three respectively, and Foulser restricted the rank four groups to a small list of possibilities. This paper completes the classification of all groups of rank less than $5$ by expl…
The prime graph $Γ(G)$ of a finite group $G$ (also known as the Gruenberg-Kegel graph) has as its vertices the prime divisors of $|G|$, and $p\text-q$ is an edge in $Γ(G)$ if and only if $G$ has an element of order $pq$. Since their inception in the 1970s these graphs have been studied extensively; however, completely classifying the possible prime graphs for larger families of groups remains a difficult problem. For solvable groups such a classification was found in 2015. In this paper we go beyond solvable groups for the first time and characterize prime graphs of a more general class of gro…
We prove that there exists a constant $k$ with the property: if $\calC$ is a conjugacy class of a finite group $G$ such that every $k$ elements of $\calC$\ generate a solvable subgroup then $\calC$ generates a solvable subgroup. In particular, using the Classification of Finite Simple Groups, we show that we can take $k=4$. We also present proofs that do not use the Classification theorem. The most direct proof gives a value of $k=10$. By lengthening one of our arguments slightly, we obtain a value of $k=7$.
A classification is given for factorizations of almost simple groups with at least one factor solvable, and it is then applied to characterize $s$-arc-transitive Cayley graphs of solvable groups, leading to a striking corollary: Except the cycles, every non-bipartite connected 3-arc-transitive Cayley graph of a solvable group is a cover of the Petersen graph or the Hoffman-Singleton graph.
We introduce the notion of a powerfully solvable group. These are powerful groups possessing an abelian series of a special kind. These groups include in particular the class of powerfully nilpotent groups. We will also see that for a certain rich class of powerful groups we can naturally introduce the term powerfully simple group and prove a Jordan-Hölder type theorem that justifies the term.
We prove that each $3$-dimensional connected topological loop $L$ having a solvable Lie group of dimension $\le 5$ as the multiplication group of $L$ is centrally nilpotent of class $2$. Moreover, we classify the solvable non-nilpotent Lie groups $G$ which are multiplication groups for $3$-dimensional simply connected topological loops $L$ and $\hbox{dim} \ G \le 5$. These groups are direct products of proper connected Lie groups and have dimension $5$. We find also the inner mapping groups of $L$.
We provide polynomial lower bounds for residual finiteness of residually finite, finitely generated solvable groups that admit infinite order elements in the Fitting subgroup of strict distortion at least exponential. For this class of solvable groups which include polycyclic groups with a nontrivial exponential radical and the metabelian Baumslag-Solitar groups, we improve the lower bounds found in the literature. Additionally, for the class of residually finite, finitely generated solvable groups of infinite Prüfer rank that satisfy the conditions of our theorem, we provide the first nontriv…
Let $Σ$ be a compact orientable surface of finite type with at least one boundary component. Let $Γ\leq \textup{Mod}(Σ)$ be a non virtually solvable subgroup. We answer a question of Lubotzky by showing that there exists a finite dimensional homological representation $ρ$ of $\textup{Mod}(Σ)$ such that $ρ(Γ)$ is not virtually solvable. We then apply results of Lubotzky and Meiri to show that for any random walk on such a group the probability of landing on a power, or on an element with topological entropy $0$ both decrease exponentially in the length of the walk.
Our main result is that the simple Lie group $G=Sp(n,1)$ acts properly isometrically on $L^p(G)$ if $p>4n+2$. To prove this, we introduce property $({\BP}_0^V)$, for $V$ be a Banach space: a locally compact group $G$ has property $({\BP}_0^V)$ if every affine isometric action of $G$ on $V$, such that the linear part is a $C_0$-representation of $G$, either has a fixed point or is metrically proper. We prove that solvable groups, connected Lie groups, and linear algebraic groups over a local field of characteristic zero, have property $({\BP}_0^V)$. As a consequence for unitary representations,…
We investigate prime character degree graphs of solvable groups. In particular, we consider a family of graphs $Γ_{k,t}$ constructed by adjoining edges between two complete graphs in a one-to-one fashion. In this paper we determine completely which graphs $Γ_{k,t}$ occur as the prime character degree graph of a solvable group.
In this paper we introduce the graph $Γ_{sc}(G)$ associated with a group $G$, called the solvable conjugacy class graph (abbreviated as SCC-graph), whose vertices are the nontrivial conjugacy classes of $G$ and two distinct conjugacy classes $C, D$ are adjacent if there exist $x \in C$ and $y \in D$ such that $\langle x, y\rangle$ is solvable. We discuss the connectivity, girth, clique number, and several other properties of the SCC-graph. One of our results asserts that there are only finitely many finite groups whose SCC-graph has given clique number~$d$, and we find explicitly the list of s…
Cameron, Manna and Mehatari investigated the question of which finite groups admit a power graph that is a cograph, also called power-cograph groups (Journal of Algebra 591 (2022)). They give a classification for nilpotent groups and partial results for general groups. However, the authors point out number theoretic obstacles towards a classification. These arise when the groups are assumed to be isomorphic to PSL 2 (q) or Sz(q) and are likely to be hard. In this paper, we prove that these number theoretic problems are in fact the only obstacles to the classification of non-solvable power-cogr…
In this paper we prove that free solvable groups have finite Krull dimension. In fact, this is true for much wider class of solvable groups, termed rigid groups. Along the way we study the algebraic structure of the limit solvable groups (fully residually free solvable groups).
We produce two separate algebraic descriptions of the isomorphism classes of the solvable subgroups of the group PLo(I) of piecewise-linear orientation-preserving homeomorphisms of the unit interval under the operation of composition, and also of the solvable subgroups of the generalized R. Thompson groups F_n. The first description is as a set of isomorphism classes of groups which is closed under three algebraic operations, and the second is as the set of isomorphism classes of subgroups of a countable collection of easily described groups. We show the two descriptions are equivalent.
We classify measures on a homogeneous space which are invariant under a certain solvable subgroup and ergodic under its unipotent radical. Our treatment is independent of characteristic. As a result we get the first measure classification for the action of semisimple subgroups without any characteristic restriction.
We give a new proof of Quillen's conjecture for solvable groups via a geometric and explicit method. For p-solvable groups, we provide both a new proof using the Classification of Finite Simple Groups and an asymptotic version without employing it.
We investigate subgroups of the group PLo(I) of piecewise-linear, orientation-preserving homeomorphisms of the unit interval with finitely many breaks in slope, under the operation of composition, and also subgroups of the generalized Thompson groups F_n. We find geometric criteria determining the derived length of any such group, and use this criteria to produce a geometric classification of the solvable and non-solvable subgroups of PLo(I) and of the F_n. We also show that any standard restricted wreath product C wr T (of non-trivial groups) that embeds in PLo(I) or F_n must have T isomorphi…
A new approach to classification of solvable spherical subgroups of semisimple algebraic groups is considered. This approach is completely different from the known approach by D. Luna and provides an explicit classification.
Let G be a solvable Lie group endowed with right Haar measure. We define and study a dense Frechet *-subalgebra S of L1(G), consisting of smooth functions rapidly-decreasing at infinity on G. When G is nilpotent, we recover the classical Schwartz algebra introduced by R. Howe and other authors. We develop a distribution theory for S, and we generalize the classical Kernel Theorem of L. Schwartz to our setting.
A subgroup H of an algebraic group G is said to be strongly solvable if H is contained in a Borel subgroup of G. This paper is devoted to establishing relationships between the following three combinatorial classifications of strongly solvable spherical subgroups in reductive complex algebraic groups: Luna's general classification of arbitrary spherical subgroups restricted to the strongly solvable case, Luna's 1993 classification of strongly solvable wonderful subgroups, and the author's 2011 classification of strongly solvable spherical subgroups. We give a detailed presentation of all the t…
