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arXiv 2004.13153cs.GT
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扭曲的集中:随机社会选择中额外选民的价值

Concentration of Distortion: The Value of Extra Voters in Randomized Social Choice

Brandon Fain, William Fan, Kamesh Munagala

摘要:

我们研究了在度量隐式功利主义模型中随机社会选择的高统计失真矩。社会选择机制的扭曲是最优功利社会成本(OPT)的预期近似因子。失真的$k^{th}$时刻是预期的近似因子相对于$k^{th}$的权力OPT.We认为机制,引起他们最喜爱的替代品随机抽样选民的替代品。我们设计了两个家庭的机制,提供恒定的(相对于选民和替代品的数量)$k^{th}$时刻的失真使用$k$样本,如果所有的选民都可以参加投票建议的替代品,或$2k-1$样本,如果只有抽样选民可以参加。我们还表明,这些数量的样本是紧。这种机制偏离了OPT的恒定近似,其概率在样本数量上呈指数下降,与投票者和替代品的总数无关。最后,我们对真实世界的预测数据进行了模拟,以定性地补充我们的理论见解。

英文摘要:

We study higher statistical moments of Distortion for randomized social choice in a metric implicit utilitarian model. The Distortion of a social choice mechanism is the expected approximation factor with respect to the optimal utilitarian social cost (OPT). The $k^{th}$ moment of Distortion is the expected approximation factor with respect to the $k^{th}$ power of OPT. We consider mechanisms that elicit alternatives by randomly sampling voters for their favorite alternative. We design two families of mechanisms that provide constant (with respect to the number of voters and alternatives) $k^{th}$ moment of Distortion using just $k$ samples if all voters can then participate in a vote among the proposed alternatives, or $2k-1$ samples if only the sampled voters can participate. We also show that these numbers of samples are tight. Such mechanisms deviate from a constant approximation to OPT with probability that drops exponentially in the number of samples, independent of the total number of voters and alternatives. We conclude with simulations on real-world Participatory Budgeting data to qualitatively complement our theoretical insights.

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