Gunnar Carlsson
This paper is a survey of persistent homology, primarily as it is used in topological data analysis. It includes the theory of persistence modules, as well as stability theorems for persistence barcodes, generalized persistence, vectorization of persistence barcodes, as well as some applications.
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In this paper we study the relationship between the homology and homotopy of a space at infinity and at its boundary. Firstly, we prove that if a locally connected, connected, $δ$-hyperbolic space that is acted upon geometrically by a group has trivial homotopy at infinity then the first Čech homotopy group is trivial. Secondly, we prove that if a hyperbolic group on a finite field has trivial $i^{th}$ homology at infinity then the boundary of the group has trivial $i^{th}$ Steenrod homology. This result turns out to be important in addressing an open problem related to Cannon's conjecture.
Homotopy type through homology groups
本文证明了具有两个连续维数自由有限生成约化同调且其余维数同调平凡的复形必同伦等价于相应维数球面的楔和，并推广到其他维数对。
Given a CW-complex A we define an `A-shaped' homology theory which behaves nicely towards A-homotopy groups allowing the generalization of many classical results. We also develop a relative version of the Federer spectral sequence for computing A-homotopy groups. As an application we derive a generalization of the Hopf-Whitney theorem.
We extend the notion of simplicial set with effective homology to diagrams of simplicial sets. Further, for a given finite diagram of simplicial sets $X \colon \mathcal{I} \to \mathsf{sSet}$ such that each simplicial set $X(i)$ has effective homology, we present an algorithm computing the homotopy colimit $\mathsf{hocolim} X$ as a simplicial set with effective homology. We also give an algorithm computing the cofibrant replacement $X^\mathsf{cof}$ of $X$ as a diagram with effective homology. This is applied to computing of equivariant cohomology operations.
Fast computation of persistent homology representatives with involuted persistent homology
针对持久上同调计算无法直接提取同调代表元的问题，提出一种利用上同调信息加速直接持久同调计算的新方法，在Rips复形上能显著快于标准方法地提取代表元。
Let $R\subseteq \Bbb Q$ be a subring of the rationals and let $p$ be the least prime (if none, $p=\infty $) which is not invertible in $R.$ For an $R$-local $r$-connected $CW$-complex $X$ of dimension $\leq \min(r+2p-3,rp-1), r\geq 1, $ a complete homotopy invariant is constructed in terms of the loop space homology $H_*(ΩX).$ This allows us to classify all such $R$-local spaces up to homotopy with a fixed loop space homology.
Interaction homotopy and interaction homology
本文提出一个代数拓扑框架研究空间之间的相互作用，引入interaction spaces并探讨其同伦、奇异同调与单纯同调，证明interaction奇异同调是interaction同伦下的不变量。
We investigate to what extent persistent homology benefits from the properties of the usual homology theory.
Elementary Methods for Persistent Homotopy Groups
该研究探索持续同伦群的基础性质，推导多个经典同伦定理的持续版本，还通过计算烷烃能量景观的下水平集持续同伦群，证明其能捕捉补充持续同调信息的非平凡特征。
We show that the interleaving distance between the persistent singular homology and the persistent Čech homology of a homologically locally connected filtration consisting of paracompact Hausdorff spaces is 0.
Relation between intersection homology and homotopy groups
本文定义了基于Gajer单纯集的相交同伦群，证明了其基本性质、CS集上的Hurewicz定理与拓扑不变性，并指出最高奇异性下其与空间自身同伦群一致。
In this paper, we study further properties and applications of weighted homology and persistent homology. We introduce the Mayer-Vietoris sequence and generalized Bockstein spectral sequence for weighted homology. For applications, we show an algorithm to construct a filtration of weighted simplicial complexes from a weighted network. We also prove a theorem that allows us to calculate the mod $p^2$ weighted persistent homology given some information on the mod $p$ weighted persistent homology.
For $n\geq 2$ we consider $(n-1)$-connected closed manifolds of dimension at most $(3n-2)$. We prove that away from a finite set of primes, the $p$-local homotopy groups of $M$ are determined by the dimension of the space of indecomposable elements in the cohomology ring $H^\ast(M)$. Moreover, we show that these $p$-local homotopy groups can be expressed as direct sum of $p$-local homotopy groups of spheres. This generalizes some of the results of our earlier work.
The purpose of this note is to point out that simplicial methods and the well-known Dold-Kan construction in simplicial homotopy theory can be fruitfully applied to convert link homology theories into homotopy theories. Dold and Kan prove that there is a functor from the category of chain complexes over a commutative ring with unit to the category of simplicial objects over that ring such that chain homotopic maps go to homotopic maps in the simplicial category. Furthermore, this is an equivalence of categories. In this way, given a link homology theory, we construct a mapping taking link diag…
We study fibred spaces with fibres in a structure category $\V$ and we show that cellular approximation, Blakers--Massey theorem, Whitehead theorems, obstruction theory, Hurewicz homomorphism, Wall finiteness obstruction, and Whitehead torsion theorem hold for fibred spaces. For this we introduce the cohomology of fibred spaces.
In this paper we develop the theory of weighted persistent homology. In 1990, Robert J. Dawson was the first to study in depth the homology of weighted simplicial complexes. We generalize the definitions of weighted simplicial complex and the homology of weighted simplicial complex to allow weights in an integral domain $R$. Then we study the resulting weighted persistent homology. We show that weighted persistent homology can tell apart filtrations that ordinary persistent homology does not distinguish. For example, if there is a point considered as special, weighted persistent homology can t…
In this paper, we study the stable homotopy types of $\mathbf{F}^4_{n(2)}$-polyhedra, i.e., $(n-1)$-connected, at most $(n+4)$-dimensional polyhedra with 2-torsion free homologies. We are able to classify the indecomposable $\mathbf{F}^4_{n(2)}$-polyhedra. The proof relies on the matrix problem technique which was developed in the classification of representaions of algebras and applied to homotopy theory by Baues and Drozd.
A recent result on size functions is extended to higher homology modules: the persistent homology based on a multidimensional measuring function is reduced to a 1-dimensional one. This leads to a stable distance for multidimensional persistent homology. Some reflections on i-essentiality of homological critical values conclude the paper.
Equivariant Homotopy Interleaving and Persistent Whitehead Theorem
本文针对有限群作用的持久空间，定义了$G$-同伦交错距离并证明其普适性，建立了等变持久Whitehead定理与神经引理，最终导出等变弱大数定律。
Relative persistent homology
针对大尺度点云相对持续同调计算效率低的问题，提出相对Delaunay-Čech复形方法，可通过点云嵌入高维的Delaunay复形构建，实现低维欧氏空间中相对持续同调的高效计算。
We prove an extension to the simplicial Nerve Lemma which establishes isomorphism of persistent homology groups, in the case where the covering spaces are filtered. While persistent homology is now widely used in topological data analysis, the usual Nerve Lemma does not provide isomorphism of persistent homology groups. Our argument involves some homological algebra: the key point being that although the maps produced in the standard proof of the Nerve Lemma do not commute as maps of chain complexes, the maps they induce on homology do.
An axiomatic treatment of Persistent Homology
本研究构建了适用于任意阶数的持续同调公理化框架，证明了经典同调Eilenberg-Steenrod公理的持续版本及其约化版本的存在性与唯一性，为持续同调提供了公理化基础。
In this paper, we prove an equivariant version of the classical Dold-Thom theorem. Associated to a finite group, a CW-complex on which this group acts and a covariant coefficient system in the sense of Bredon, we functorially construct a topological abelian group by the coend construction. Then we prove that the homotopy groups of this topological abelian group are naturally isomorphic to the Bredon equivariant homology of the CW-complex. At the end we present several examples of this result.
A directed persistent homology theory for dissimilarity functions
本文提出一种针对有向单纯复形、可检测奇数维持有向环的持续同调理论，建立其与经典持续同调的联系并证明稳定性。
Decomposition of Persistent Homology and Spectral Sequences
研究域上过滤链复形的持续同调与谱序列关系，提出基于持续同调分解的方法，证明在一般假设下两者捕获相同信息。
The Euler calculus -- an integral calculus based on Euler characteristic as a valuation on constructible functions -- is shown to be an incisive tool for answering questions about injectivity and invertibility of recent transforms based on persistent homology for shape characterization.
Arone and the second author showed that when the dimensions are in the stable range, the rational homology and homotopy of the high dimensional anologues of spaces of long knots can be calculated as the homology of a direct sum of finite graph-complexes that they described explicitly. They also showed that these homology and homotopy groups can be interpreted as the higher order Hochschild homology also called Hochschild-Pirashvili homology. In this paper, we generalize all these results to high dimensional analogues of spaces of string links. The methods of our paper are applicable in the ran…
Hypergraph is the most general model for complex networks involving group interactions. Taking the ideas of path homology from Alexander Grigor'yan, Yong Lin, Yuri Muranov and Shing-Tung Yau [18-22], Stephane Bressan, Jingyan Li and the authors of this article introduced embedded homology of hypergraphs [6] in 2019, which has leaded to successful applications in protein-ligand binding network [24, 25] in 2021. A fundamental question arising from practical applications is about the stability of the persistent embedded homology of hypergraphs. In this paper, we prove the stability of the persist…
Magnitude homology and homotopy type of metric fibrations
本文证明具有共同基空间和共同纤维的度量纤维化具有同构的幅度同调及相同的幅度同伦型，推广了 Leinster 的幅度乘积结果，并建立了幅度同伦型与 Hepworth-Willerton 带点单纯集几何实现的等价性。
Working in the context of symmetric spectra, we describe and study a homotopy completion tower for algebras and left modules over operads in the category of modules over a commutative ring spectrum (e.g., structured ring spectra). We prove a strong convergence theorem that for 0-connected algebras and modules over a (-1)-connected operad, the homotopy completion tower interpolates (in a strong sense) between topological Quillen homology and the identity functor. By systematically exploiting strong convergence, we prove several theorems concerning the topological Quillen homology of algebras an…
By considering labeled configurations of ``bounded multiplicity'', one can construct a functor that fits between homology and stable homotopy. Based on previous work, we are able to give an equivalent description of this labeled construction in terms of loop space functors and symmetric products. This yields a direct generalization of the May-Milgram model for iterated loop spaces, and answers questions of Carlsson and Milgram posed in the handbook. We give a classifying space formulation of our results hence extending an older result of Segal. We finally relate our labeled construction to a t…
Exponential growth in the rational homology of free loop spaces and in torsion homotopy groups
本文利用积分方法推广了自由环路空间有理同调群增长的结果，构造出同伦群$p$-挠指数增长的新空间族，并提出有理同伦群与$p$-挠同伦群指数增长间存在紧密联系的猜想。
We demonstrate that an excision property holds for persistent homology groups. This property holds for a large class of filtrations, and in fact we show that given any filtration on a larger space, we can extend it to a filtration of two subspaces which guarantees that the excision property holds for the triple. This method also applies to the Mayer-Vietoris sequence in persistent homology introduced by DiFabio and Landi in 2011, extending their results to a much larger class of filtrations.
In this paper we study $\mathcal M(X)$, the set of diffeomorphism classes of smooth manifolds with the simple homotopy type of $X$, via a map $Ψ$ from $\mathcal M(X)$ into the quotient of $K(X)=[X,BSO]$ by the action of the group of homotopy classes of simple self equivalences of $X$. The map $Ψ$ describes which bundles over $X$ can occur as normal bundles of manifolds in $\mathcal M(X)$. We determine the image of $Ψ$ when $X$ belongs to a certain class of homology spheres. In particular, we find conditions on elements of $K(X)$ that guarantee they are pullbacks of normal bundles of manifolds …
Vietoris-Rips and degree Rips complexes are represented as homotopy types by their underlying posets of simplices, and basic homotopy stability theorems are recast in these terms. These homotopy types are viewed as systems (or functors), which are defined on a parameter space. The category of systems of spaces admits a partial homotopy theory that is based on controlled equivalences, suitably defined, that are the output of homotopy stability results.
Persistent Mayer homology and persistent Mayer Laplacian
本文将Mayer同调与Mayer拉普拉斯算子引入持久化框架，提出持久Mayer同调和持久Mayer拉普拉斯算子，并通过理论分析与计算实验展示其在拓扑数据分析中的潜力。
Homology self closeness number and cofibration sequence
本文研究了单连通CW复合同调自接近数及同伦上纤维的该数，探讨了同调分解中上纤维化空间自映射，并分析了同调分解与同伦分解间同调自接近数的关系。
Persistent magnitude homology on finite metric space
本文提出持久幅度同调，用于捕捉度量空间的多尺度几何和拓扑特征，并建立了其稳定性结果。
Differential Calculus on Hypergraphs and Mayer-Vietoris Sequences for the Constrained Persistent Homology
本文利用Kouzul复形研究超图离散微分演算，定义受约束（上）同调并证明其Mayer-Vietoris序列的函子性，进而提出受约束持续（上）同调作为计算大型网络高维持续同调的工具。
We propose an axiomatic characterization of coarse homology theories defined on the category of bornological coarse spaces. We construct a category of motivic coarse spectra. Our focus is the classification of coarse homology theories and the construction of examples. We show that if a transformation between coarse homology theories induces an equivalence on all discrete bornological coarse spaces, then it is an equivalence on bornological coarse spaces of finite asymptotic dimension. The example of coarse K-homology will be discussed in detail.
Computation of degree-1 persistent homology on larger point-clouds using the Reduced Vietoris-Rips filtration
提出一种算法，利用简化 Vietoris-Rips 过滤高效计算低维欧氏空间中更大点云的 1 次持续同调，降低了计算复杂度。
Persistence by Parts: Multiscale Feature Detection via Distributed Persistent Homology
本文提出一种基于广义Mayer–Vietoris原理和胞腔余层、谱序列的分布式持久同调方法，可按密度等特征局部化计算，用于点云多尺度分析，检测标准方法遗漏的不同尺度特征。
We introduce a homotopy theory of digraphs (directed graphs) and prove its basic properties, including the relations to the homology theory of digraphs constructed by the authors in previous papers. In particular, we prove the homotopy invariance of homologies of digraphs and the relation between the fundamental group of the digraph and its first homology group. The category of (undirected) graphs can be identified by a natural way with a full subcategory of digraphs. Thus we obtain also consistent homology and homotopy theories for graphs. Note that the homotopy theory for graphs coincides wi…
Persistent hypergraph homology and its applications
本文提出持续超图模型及新同调 $\hat{H}$ 和高效算法，用于计算持续条形码与 $\hat{H}$ 条形码，并通过分析狒狒、马拉维农村居民、会议、工作场所和高中等群体的面对面交互数据验证其有效性。
While standard persistent homology has been successful in extracting information from metric datasets, its applicability to more general data, e.g. directed networks, is hindered by its natural insensitivity to asymmetry. We study a construction of homology of digraphs due to Grigor'yan, Lin, Muranov and Yau, and extend this construction to the persistent framework. The result, which we call persistent path homology, can provide information about the digraph structure of a directed network at varying resolutions. Moreover, this method encodes a rich level of detail about the asymmetric structu…
Chas and Sullivan proved the existence of a Batalin-Vilkovisky algebra structure in the homology of free loop spaces on closed finite dimensional smooth manifolds using chains and chain homotopies. This algebraic structure involves an associative product called the loop product, a Lie bracket called the loop bracket, and a square 0 operator called the BV operator. Cohen and Jones gave a homotopy theoretic description of the loop product in terms of spectra. In this paper, we give an explicit homotopy theoretic description of the loop bracket and, using this description, we give a homological p…
Persistent Homology with Selective Rips complexes detects geodesic circles
本文提出利用持久同调和新型选择性Rips复形检测测地空间中的测地圆与瓶颈环路，并基于局部绕数概念证明其能终止1维同调类或产生2维同调类。
We introduce a new homology theory of uniform spaces, provisionally called $μ$-homology theory. Our homology theory is based on hyperfinite chains of microsimplices. This idea is due to McCord. We prove that $μ$-homology theory satisfies the Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms. The characterization of chain-connectedness in terms of $μ$-homology is provided. We also introduce the notion of S-homotopy, which is weaker than uniform homotopy. We prove that $μ$-homology theory satisfies the S-homotopy axiom, and that every uniform space can be S-deformation retracted to a dense subset. It follows that for e…
The aim of this article is to describe a new perspective on functoriality of persistent homology and explain its intrinsic symmetry that is often overlooked. A data set for us is a finite collection of functions, called measurements, with a finite domain. Such a data set might contain internal symmetries which are effectively captured by the action of a set of the domain endomorphisms. Different choices of the set of endomorphisms encode different symmetries of the data set. We describe various category structures on such enriched data sets and prove some of their properties such as decomposit…
Persistent hyperdigraph homology and persistent hyperdigraph Laplacians
本文提出超有向图同调与拓扑超有向图拉普拉斯算子，并通过过滤引入其持久化版本，以捕获有向结构化数据的多尺度拓扑持久性与同伦形状演化，为拓扑数据分析提供了新工具。
This paper introduces persistent homology, which is a powerful tool to characterize the shape of data using the mathematical concept of topology. We explain the fundamental idea of persistent homology from scratch using some examples. We also review some applications of persistent homology to materials researches and software for persistent homology data analysis. HomCloud, one of persistent homology software, is especially featured in this paper.
An Exposition on the Algebra and Computation of Persistent Homology
该研究以Peter Bubenik等学者提出的、将持续模视为偏序集范畴到数域向量空间范畴函子的现代表征为视角，阐释了经典持续同调矩阵约简算法背后的代数原理。
The (co)homology self-closeness number of a simply-connected based CW-complexes $X$ is the minimal number $k$ such that any self-map $f$ of $X$ inducing an automorphism of the (co)homology groups for dimensions$\leq k$ is a self-homotopy equivalence. These two numbers are homotopy invariants and have a close relation with the group of self-homotopy equivalences. In this paper, we compare the (co)homology self-closeness numbers of spaces in certain cofibrations, define the mod $p$ (co)homology self-closeness number of simply-connected $p$-local spaces with finitely generated homologies and stud…
We provide a calculational method for rational stable equivariant homotopy theory for a torus G based on the homology of the Borel construction on fixed points. More precisely we define an abelian torsion model, A_t(G) of finite injective dimension, a homology theory \piAt_* taking values in A_t(G) based on the homology of the Borel construction, and a finite Adams spectral sequence Ext_{A_t(G)}^{*,*}(\piAt_*(X), \piAt_*(Y)) ==> [X,Y]^G_* for rational G-spectra X and Y.
In recent years, A. Grigor'yan, Y. Lin, Y. Muranov and S.T. Yau [6, 7, 8, 9] constructed a path homology theory for digraphs. Later, S. Chowdhury and F. Memoli [3] studied the persistent path homology for directed networks. In this paper, we generalize the path homology theory for digraphs and construct a weighted path homology for weighted digraphs. We study the persistent weighted path homology for weighted digraphs and detect the effects of the weights on the persistent weighted path homology. We prove a persistent version of a Kunneth-type formula for joins of weighted digraphs.
Persistent homology is a branch of computational algebraic topology that studies shapes and extracts features over multiple scales. In this paper, we present an unsupervised approach that uses persistent homology to study divergent behavior in agricultural point cloud data. More specifically, we build persistence diagrams from multidimensional point clouds, and use those diagrams as the basis to compare and contrast different subgroups of the population. We apply the framework to study the cold hardiness behavior of 5 leading grape cultivars, with real data from over 20 growing seasons. Our re…
Persistent homology has recently emerged as a powerful technique in topological data analysis for analyzing the emergence and disappearance of topological features throughout a filtered space, shown via persistence diagrams. Additionally, (co)sheaves have proven to be powerful instruments in tracking locally defined data across global systems, resulting in innovative applications to network science. In this paper, we combine the topological results of persistent homology and the quantitative data tracking capabilities of cosheaf theory to develop novel techniques in network data flow analysis.…
Persistent Sullivan Minimal Models of Metric Spaces
本文提出持久 Sullivan 极小模型将经典有理同伦论扩展至拓扑数据分析，证明了其在 CDGAs 同伦范畴中的交错距离稳定性，并提供了比持久同调更具辨别力的不变量及更尖锐的 Gromov-Hausdorff 距离下界。
Harmonic Persistent Homology
本文针对有限单纯复形过滤引入调和持久同调空间，将具体循环子空间关联至条形码各条，证明其在函数微扰下的稳定性，并揭示其与“本质单纯形”概念的联系及在最大化相对本质内容上的最优性。
We study the categorical framework for the computation of persistent homology, without reliance on a particular computational algorithm. The computation of persistent homology is commonly summarized as a matrix theorem, which we call the Matrix Structural Theorem. Any of the various algorithms for computing persistent homology constitutes a constructive proof of the Matrix Structural Theorem. We showthat the Matrix Structural Theorem is equivalent to the Krull-Schmidt property of the category of filtered chain complexes. We separately establish the Krull-Schmidt property by abstract categorica…
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