We study the induced Ekedahl-Oort stratification on the moduli space $\mathcal{M}_4$ of curves of genus $4$ in characteristic $3$. By constructing families of curves with given Ekedahl-Oort type and by computing the dimension of the intersection of the induced Ekedahl-Oort strata and the boundary divisor classes, we show that for certain induced Ekedahl-Oort strata in $\mathcal{M}_4$, they have the same codimension in $\mathcal{M}_4$ as the corresponding Ekedahl-Oort strata in moduli space $\mathcal{A}_4$ of principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension $4$.
This short paper is a continuation of the author's Ph.D thesis, where Ekedahl-Oort strata are defined and studied for Shimura varieties of Hodge type. The main results here are as follows. 1. The Ekedahl-Oort stratification is independent of the choices of symplectic embeddings. 2. Under certain reasonable assumptions, there is certain functoriality for Ekedahl-Oort stratifications with respect to morphisms of Shimura varieties.
We give a description of the individual Ekedahl-Oort strata contained in the supersingular locus in terms of Deligne-Lusztig varieties, refining a result of Harashita.
We construct canonical non-vanishing global sections of powers of the Hodge bundle on each Ekedahl-Oort stratum of a Hodge type Shimura variety. In particular we recover the quasi-affineness of the Ekedahl-Oort strata. In the projective case, this gives a very short proof of non-emptiness of Ekedahl-Oort strata. It follows that the Newton strata are also nonempty, by a result of S.Nie. We also deduce the fact that the $μ$-ordinary locus is determined by the Ekedahl-Oort strata of its image by any embedding.
We study the Ekedahl-Oort stratification for good reductions of Shimura varieties of PEL type. These generalize the Ekedahl-Oort strata defined and studied by Oort for the moduli space of principally polarized abelian varieties (the "Siegel case"). They are parameterized by certain elements w in the Weyl group of the reductive group of the Shimura datum. We show that for every such w the corresponding Ekedahl-Oort stratum is smooth, quasi-affine, and of dimension l(w) (and in particular non-empty). Some of these results have previously been obtained by Moonen, Vasiu, and the second author usin…
We study the moduli space A_g of g-dimensional principally polarized abelian varieties in positive characteristic, and its variant A_I with Iwahori level structure. Both supersingular Ekedahl-Oort strata and supersingular Kottwitz-Rapoport strata are isomorphic to disjoint unions of Deligne-Lusztig varieties (see [Hoeve 2008] and [Goertz, Yu 2008], resp.). Here we compare these isomorphisms. We also give an explicit description of Kottwitz-Rapoport strata contained in the supersingular locus in the general parahoric case. Finally, we show that every Ekedahl-Oort stratum is isomorphic to a para…
We study the Ekedahl-Oort stratification on moduli spaces of PEL type. The strata are indexed by cosets in a Weyl group. The main result of this paper is that the dimension of a stratum equals the length of the corresponding Weyl group element. We also discuss some explicit examples.
For a Shimura variety of Hodge type with hyperspecial level structure at a prime $p$, Vasiu and Kisin constructed a smooth integral model (namely the integral canonical model) uniquely determined by a certain extension property. We define and study the Ekedahl-Oort stratifications on the special fibers of those integral canonical models when $p>2$. This generalizes Ekedahl-Oort stratifications defined and studied by Oort on moduli spaces of principally polarized abelian varieties and those defined and studied by Moonen, Wedhorn and Viehmann on good reductions of Shimura varieties of PEL type. …
Consider a Shimura variety of Hodge type admitting a smooth integral model S at an odd prime p>3. Consider its perfectoid cover S(p^\infty) and the Hodge-Tate period map introduced by A. Caraiani and P. Scholze. We compare the pull-back to S(p^\infty) of the Ekedahl-Oort stratification on the mod p special fiber of S and the pull back to S(p^\infty) of the fine Deligne-Lusztig stratification on the mod p special fiber of the flag variety which is the target of the Hodge-Tate period map. An application to the non-emptiness of Ekedhal-Oort strata is provided.
We develop a method to compute the Ekedahl-Oort type of a curve C over a field k of characteristic p (which is the isomorphism type of the p-kernel group scheme J[p], where J is the Jacobian of C). Part of our method is general, in that we introduce the new notion of a Hasse-Witt triple, which re-encodes in a useful way the information contained in the Dieudonne module of J[p]. For complete intersection curves we then give a simple method to compute this Hasse-Witt triple. An implementation of this method is available in Magma.
Suppose $X$ is a hyperelliptic curve of genus $g$ defined over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p=2$. We prove that the de Rham cohomology of $X$ decomposes into pieces indexed by the branch points of the hyperelliptic cover. This allows us to compute the isomorphism class of the $2$-torsion group scheme $J_X[2]$ of the Jacobian of $X$ in terms of the Ekedahl-Oort type. The interesting feature is that $J_X[2]$ depends only on some discrete invariants of $X$, namely, on the ramification invariants associated with the branch points. We give a complete classification of the gr…
Let $ S $ be the special fibre of the good reduction of a Shimura variety of Hodge type. By constructing adapted deformations for the associated $p$-divisible groups of $ S $, we manage to construct a morphism from $S$ to some quotient sheaf of the loop group associated with $S$. We show that the geometric fibres of this morphism give back the Ekedahl-Oort strata of $S$. For any geometric point $ x $ of $ S $, we give a deformation over $ W(k(x)) $ of the $ p $-divisible group associated with $ x $ by (non-canonically) constructing a Breuil-Kisin window (which corresponds to a $ p $-divisible …
We apply our theory of partial flag spaces developed in previous articles to study a group-theoretical generalization of the canonical filtration of a truncated Barsotti-Tate group of level 1. As an application, we determine explicitly the normalization of the Zariski closures of Ekedahl-Oort strata of Shimura varieties of Hodge-type as certain closed coarse strata in the associated partial flag spaces.
The Ekedahl-Oort type is a combinatorial invariant of a principally polarized abelian variety $A$ defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p > 0$. It characterizes the $p$-torsion group scheme of $A$ up to isomorphism. Equivalently, it characterizes (the mod $p$ reduction of) the Dieudonné module of $A$ or the de Rham cohomology of $A$ as modules under the Frobenius and Vershiebung operators. There are very few results about which Ekedahl-Oort types occur for Jacobians of curves. In this paper, we consider the class of Hermitian curves, indexed by a prime power $q=p^n$, wh…
We show that the zip stratification given by an arbitrary $\Ghat$-zip over a scheme is pure. We deduce purity of the level-$m$-stratification for truncated Barsotti-Tate groups and purity of the Ekedahl-Oort stratification for special fibers of good models of Shimura varieties of Hodge type. We also show that all Ekedahl-Oort strata are quasi-affine schemes and generalize several properties of the Bruhat stratification from the PEL case to the case of Shimura varieties of Hodge type.
The moduli space of principally polarized abelian varieties $A_g$ of genus g is defined over the integers and admits a minimal compactification $A_g^*$, also defined over the integers. The Hodge bundle over $A_g$ has its Chern classes in the Chow ring of $A_g$ with rational coefficients. We show that over the prime field $F_p$, these Chern classes naturally lift to $A_g^*$ and do so in the best possible way: despite the highly singular nature of $A_g^*$ they are represented by algebraic cycles on $A_g^*\otimes F_p$ which define elements in its bivariant Chow ring. This is in contrast to the si…
Intersections of the Ekedahl-Oort and Newton Strata of $\mathcal{A}_{5}$
Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics, University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学科蒂格-德弗里斯数学研究所）；Department of Mathematics, University College London（伦敦大学学院数学系）；Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校数学系）
In this paper we study various aspects of the Ekedahl-Serre problem. We formulate questions of Ekedahl-Serre type and Coleman-Oort type for general weakly special subvarieties in the Siegel moduli space, propose a conjecture relating these two questions, and provide examples supporting these questions. The main new result is an upper bound of genera for curves over number fields whose Jacobians are isogeneous to products of elliptic curves satisfying the Sato-Tate equidistribution, and we also refine previous results showing that certain weakly special subvarieties only meet the open Torelli l…
Given a principally polarized abelian variety $A$ of dimension $g$ over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p$, the $p$ torsion $A[p]$ is a finite flat $p$-torsion group scheme of rank $p^{2g}$. There are exactly $2^g$ possible group schemes that can occur as some such $A[p]$. In this paper, we study which group schemes can occur as $J[p]$, where $J$ is the Jacobian of a hyperelliptic curve defined over $\mathbb{F}_p$. We do this by computing explicit formulae for the action of Frobenius and its dual on the de Rham cohomology of a hyperelliptic curve with respect to a given ba…
We generalize the notion of Ekedahl-Oort strata to elements in the loop group of any connected reductive group, and call the resulting discrete invariant the truncation of level 1 of the element. We give conditions for the Newton points occurring among the elements of a given truncation of level 1 and especially for the generic Newton point in a given truncation stratum. We prove that truncation strata are locally closed and give a description of the closure of each stratum. We also translate our results back to the original Ekedahl-Oort stratification of the reduction modulo p of Shimura vari…
Oort has conjectured that there do not exist Shimura curves contained generically in the Torelli locus of genus-$g$ curves when $g$ is large enough. In this paper we prove the Oort conjecture for Shimura curves of Mumford type and Shimura curves parameterizing principally polarized $g$-dimensional abelian varieties isogenous to $g$-fold self-products of elliptic curves for $g>11$. We also prove that there do not exist Shimura curves contained generically in the Torelli locus of hyperelliptic curves of genus $g>7$. As a consequence, we obtain a finiteness result regarding smooth genus-$g$ curve…
We complete the study of the supersingular locus in the fiber at $p$ of a Shimura variety attached to a unitary similitude group $\GU(1,n-1)$ over $\QQ$ in the case that $p$ is inert. This was started by the first author in \cite{Vo_Uni} where complete results were obtained for $n =2,3$. The supersingular locus is uniformized by a formal scheme $\Ncal$ which is a moduli space of so-called unitary $p$-divisible groups. It depends on the choice of a unitary isocrystal $\Nbf$. We define a stratification of $\Ncal$ indexed by vertices of the Bruhat-Tits building attached to the reductive group of …
In the paper four stratifications in the reduction modulo $p$ of a general Shimura variety are studied: the Newton stratification, the Kottwitz-Rapoport stratification, the Ekedahl-Oort stratification and the Ekedahl-Kottwitz-Oort-Rapoport stratification. We formulate a system of axioms and show that these imply non-emptiness statements and closure relation statements concerning these various stratifications. These axioms are satisfied in the Siegel case.
In this paper a number of results on cycles on the moduli space of principally polarized abelian varieties is presented. Results include a determination of the tautological ring, bounds on the order of torsion of the top Chern class $λ_g$ and a determination of the cycle classes of the Ekedahl-Oort stratification in characteristic $p$. It includes as special cases formulas for the classes of loci like the $p$-rank $\leq f$ locus or the $a$-number $\geq a$-locus. The results on the tautological ring are my own work, the results on the torsion of $λ_g$ and on the cycle classes of the Ekedahl-Oor…
We describe the intersection of the Torelli locus $j(\mathcal{M}_4^{ct}) = \mathcal{J}_4$ with Newton and Ekedahl-Oort strata related to the supersingular locus in characteristic two. We show that the locus of supersingular Jacobians $\mathcal{S}_4\cap\mathcal{J}_4$ in characteristic two is pure of dimension three. One way to obtain that result uses an analysis of the data of smooth genus four curves and principally polarized abelian fourfolds defined over $\mathbb{F}_2$, and another involves studying the Ekedahl-Oort types and using the indecomposability of some $\mathrm{BT}_1$ group schemes.
We review the results on the cycle classes of the strata defined by the height and the Artin invariant on the moduli of K3 surfaces in positive characteristic obtained in joint work with Katsura and Ekedahl. In addition we prove a new irreducibility result for these strata.
We construct group-theoretical generalizations of the Hasse invariant on strata closures of the stacks $G$-Zip$^μ$. Restricting to zip data of Hodge type, we obtain a group-theoretical Hasse invariant on every Ekedahl-Oort stratum closure of a general Hodge-type Shimura variety. A key tool is the construction of a stack of zip flags $G$-ZipFlag$^μ$, fibered in flag varieties over $G$-Zip$^μ$. It provides a simultaneous generalization of the "classical case" homogeneous complex manifolds studied by Griffiths-Schmid and the "flag space" for Siegel varieties studied by Ekedahl-van der Geer. Four …
This paper provides explicit closed formulas in terms of tautological classes for the cycle classes of the height and Artin invariant strata in families of K3 surfaces. The proof is uniform for all strata and uses a flag space as the computations in [arXiv:math/0412272] for the Ekedahl-Oort strata for families of abelian varieties, but employs a Pieri formula formula to determine the push down to the base space.
Let $p$ be a prime number and let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$. A $BT_1$ group scheme over $k$ is a finite commutative group scheme which arises as the kernel of $p$ on a $p$-divisible (Barsotti--Tate) group. We compare three classifications of $BT_1$ group schemes, due in large part to Kraft, Ekedahl, and Oort, and defined using words, canonical filtrations, and permutations. Using this comparison, we determine the Ekedahl--Oort types of Fermat quotient curves and we compute four invariants of the $p$-torsion group schemes of these curves.
We study the moduli space of abelian threefolds with Iwahori level structure in positive characteristic. We explicitly determine the fibers of the canonical projection to the moduli space of principally polarized abelian varieties and draw conclusions about the relationship between the Ekedahl-Oort, the Kottwitz-Rapoport and the Newton stratification on these spaces.
We review the Newton stratification and Ekedahl-Oort stratification on the special fiber of a smooth integral model for a Shimura variety of Hodge type at a prime of good reduction. We show that the μ-ordinary locus coincides with the generic Ekedahl-Oort stratum, and that for any two geometric points in the μ-ordinary locus there is an isomorphism of the attached Dieudonne modules with additional structure. As a consequence, we proof that the μ-ordinary locus is open and dense, thus generalizing the results which were already known in the PEL-case. To prove our results we provide a method whi…
There are open questions about which Newton polygons and Ekedahl-Oort types occur for Jacobians of smooth curves of genus $g$ in positive characteristic $p$. In this chapter, I survey the current state of knowledge about these questions. I include a new result, joint with Karemaker, which verifies, for each odd prime $p$, that there exist supersingular curves of genus $g$ defined over $\overline{\mathbb F}_p$ for infinitely many new values of $g$. I sketch a proof of Faber and Van der Geer's theorem about the geometry of the $p$-rank stratification of the moduli space of curves. The chapter en…
In this paper, we construct the almost product structure of the minimal Newton stratum in deformation spaces of Barsotti-Tate groups with crystalline Tate tensors, similar to Oort's and Mantovan's construction for Shimura varieties of PEL-type. It allows us to describe the geometry of the Newton stratum in terms of the geometry of two simpler objects, the central leaf and the isogeny leaf. This yields the dimension and the closure relations of the Newton strata in the deformation space. In particular, their nonemptiness shows that a generalisation of Grothendieck's conjecture of deformations o…
The main goal of this paper is to generalize Serre-Tate theory of "ordinary" local moduli to Shimura varieties of PEL type. To this end we develop a generalized notion of ordinariness, we prove a number of basic results about this, and we study the formal deformations of ordinary objects. In general, the formal deformation spaces get a new "group-like" structure that we call a "cascade". Further the paper contains some results on the Ekedahl-Oort stratification of PEL moduli spaces, and an application of our results to the study of congruence relations.
Let $p$ be a prime. Let $n\in\mathbb N-\{0\}$. Let $\mathcal C$ be an $F^n$-crystal over a locally noetherian $\mathbb F_p$-scheme $S$. Let $(a,b)\in\mathbb N^2$. We show that the reduced locally closed subscheme of $S$ whose points are exactly those $x\in S$ such that $(a,b)$ is a break point of the Newton polygon of the fiber $\mathcal C_x$ of $\mathcal C$ at $x$ is pure in $S$, i.e., it is an affine $S$-scheme. This result refines and reobtains previous results of de Jong--Oort, Vasiu, and Yang. As an application, we show that for all $m\in \mathbb N$ the reduced locally closed subscheme of…
In [Inventiones mathematicae, 184 (2011)], Vollaard and Wedhorn defined a stratification on the special fiber of the unitary unramified PEL Rapoport-Zink space with signature $(1,n-1)$. They constructed an isomorphism between the closure of a stratum, called a closed Bruhat-Tits stratum, and a Deligne-Lusztig variety which is not of classical type. In this paper, we describe the $\ell$-adic cohomology groups over $\overline{\mathbb Q_{\ell}}$ of these Deligne-Lusztig varieties, where $\ell \not = p$. The computations involve the spectral sequence associated to the Ekedahl-Oort stratification o…
We study moduli spaces of abelian varieties in positive characteristic, more specifically the moduli space of principally polarized abelian varieties on the one hand, and the analogous space with Iwahori type level structure, on the other hand. We investigate the Ekedahl-Oort stratification on the former, the Kottwitz-Rapoport stratification on the latter, and their relationship. In this way, we obtain structural results about the supersingular locus in the case of Iwahori level structure, for instance a formula for its dimension in case $g$ is even.
For a natural number $m$, let $\mathcal{S}_m/\mathbb{F}_2$ be the $m$th Suzuki curve. We study the mod $2$ Dieudonné module of $\mathcal{S}_m$, which gives the equivalent information as the Ekedahl-Oort type or the structure of the $2$-torsion group scheme of its Jacobian. We accomplish this by studying the de Rham cohomology of $\mathcal{S}_m$. For all $m$, we determine the structure of the de Rham cohomology as a $2$-modular representation of the $m$th Suzuki group and the structure of a submodule of the mod $2$ Dieudonné module. For $m=1$ and $2$, we determine the complete structure of the …
