In this paper, by constructing some identities, we prove some $q$-analogues of some congruences. For example, for any odd integer $n>1$, we show that \begin{gather*} \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \frac{(q^{-1};q^2)_k}{(q;q)_k} q^k \equiv (-1)^{(n+1)/2} q^{(n^2-1)/4} - (1+q)[n] \pmod{Φ_n(q)^2},\\ \sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{(q^3;q^2)_k}{(q;q)_k} q^k \equiv (-1)^{(n+1)/2} q^{(n^2-9)/4} + \frac{1+q}{q^2}[n]\pmod{Φ_n(q)^2}, \end{gather*} where the $q$-Pochhanmmer symbol is defined by $(x;q)_0=1$ and $(x;q)_k = (1-x)(1-xq)\cdots(1-xq^{k-1})$ for $k\geq1$, the $q$-integer is defined by $[n]=1+q+\cdots+q^{n-1}$ and $Φ_n(q)$ is the $n$-th cyclotomic polynomial. The $q$-congruences above confirm some recent conjectures of Gu and Guo.
Let ${{B}_{3}}(n)$ denote the number of partition triples of $n$ where each partition is 3-core. With the help of generating function manipulations, we find several infinite families of arithmetic identities and congruences for ${{B}_{3}}(n)$. Moreover, let $ω(n)$ denote the number of representations of a nonnegative integer $n$ in the form $x_{1}^{2}+x_{2}^{2}+x_{3}^{2}+3y_{1}^{2}+3y_{2}^{2}+3y_{3}^{2}$ with ${{x}_{1}},{{x}_{2}},{{x}_{3}},{{y}_{1}},{{y}_{2}},{{y}_{3}}\in \mathbb{Z}.$ We find three arithmetic relations between ${{B}_{3}}(n)$ and $ω(n)$, such as $ω(6n+5)=4{{B}_{3}}(6n+4).$
For the unrestricted partition function $p(n)$ for integers $n \geq 0$, it is known that $p(49n + 19) \equiv 0 \pmod{49}$, $p(49n + 33) \equiv 0 \pmod{49}$, and $p(49n + 40) \equiv 0 \pmod{49}$ for all $n \geq 0$. We find witness identities for these Ramanujan congruences.
By counting the numbers of periodic points of all periods for some interval maps, we obtain infinitely many new congruence identities in number theory.
Riemann zeta values are generalized to multiple zeta values (MZVs) by use of nested sums, and MZVs are generalized to regularized multiple zeta values (RMZVs) by regularization of divergent infinite series. In the present paper, we prove congruence identities of RMZVs of depth $n$ involving a pair of index sets; the congruence relation is given by the vector space spanned by MZVs of depth $n-1$ and products of MZVs. We also obtain a proof of the parity result, and a congruence sum formula for MZVs.
Let $[x]$ be the greatest integer not exceeding $x$. In the paper we introduce the sequence $\{U_n\}$ given by $U_0=1$ and $U_n=-2\sum_{k=1}^{[n/2]}\binom n{2k}U_{n-2k}\quad(n\ge 1)$, and establish many recursive formulas and congruences involving $\{U_n\}$.
In this paper, we investigate the umbral representation of the Fubini polynomials $F_{x}^{n}:=F_{n}(x)$ to derive some properties involving these polynomials. For any prime number $p$ and any polynomial $f$ with integer coefficients, we show $(f(F_{x}))^{p}\equiv f(F_{x})$ and we give other curious congruences.
Polynomial reduction, designed first for hypergeometric terms, can be used to automatically prove and generate new hypergeometric identities from old ones. In this paper, we extend the reduction method to holonomic sequences. As applications, we describe an algorithmic way to prove and generate new multi-summation identities. Especially we present new families of $π$-series involving Domb numbers and Franel numbers.
We establish $q$-analogs for four congruences involving central binomial coefficients. The $q$-identities necessary for this purpose are shown via the $q$-WZ method.
In this paper, near-miss identities for the number of representations of some integral ternary quadratic forms with congruence conditions are found and proven. The genus and spinor genus of the corresponding lattice cosets are then classified. Finally, a complete genus and spinor genus classification for all conductor 2 lattice cosets of 2-adically unimodular lattices is given.
We provide some variations on the Greene-Krammer's identity which involve q-Catalan numbers. Our method reveals a curious analogy between these new identities and some congruences modulo a prime.
A simple method called symbolic representation for piecewise linear functions on the real line is introduced and used to compute the numbers of periodic points of all periods for some such functions. Since, for every positive integer m, the number of periodic points of minimal period m must be divisible by m, we obtain infinitely many congruence identities.
Recently, R. Tauraso established finite $p$-analogues of famous Apéry series for $ζ(2)$ and $ζ(3).$ In this paper, we present several congruences for finite central binomial sums arising from the truncation of Apéry-type series for $ζ(4)$ and $ζ(5).$ We also prove a $p$-analogue of Zeilberger's series for $ζ(2)$ confirming a conjecture of Z. W. Sun.
We establish two binomial coefficient--generalized harmonic sum identities using the partial fraction decomposition method. These identities are a key ingredient in the proofs of numerous supercongruences. In particular, in other works of the author, they are used to establish modulo $p^k$ ($k>1$) congruences between truncated generalized hypergeometric series, and a function which extends Greene's hypergeometric function over finite fields to the $p$-adic setting. A specialization of one of these congruences is used to prove an outstanding conjecture of Rodriguez-Villegas which relates a trun…
We consider a special class of binomial sums involving harmonic numbers and we prove three identities by using the elementary method of the partial fraction decomposition. Some applications to infinite series and congruences are given.
The q-binomial coefficients are the polynomial cousins of the traditional binomial coefficients, and a number of identities for binomial coefficients can be translated into this polynomial setting. For instance, the familiar vanishing of the alternating sum across row n of Pascal's triangle is captured by the so-called Gaussian Formula. In this paper, we find a q-binomial congruence which synthesizes this result and Fleck's congruence for binomial coefficients.
Here we consider the $q$-series coming from the Hall-Littlewood polynomials, \begin{equation*} R_ν(a,b;q)=\sum_{\substack{λ\\[1pt] λ_1\leq a}} q^{c|λ|} P_{2λ}\big(1,q,q^2,\dots;q^{2b+d}\big). \end{equation*} These series were defined by Griffin, Ono, and Warnaar in their work on the framework of the Rogers-Ramanujan identities. We devise a recursive method for computing the coefficients of these series when they arise within the Rogers-Ramanujan framework. Furthermore, we study the congruence properties of certain quotients and products of these series, generalizing the famous Ramanujan congru…
By using some hypergeometric series identities, we prove two supercongruences on truncated hypergeometric series, one of which is related to a modular Calabi--Yau threefold, and the other is regarded as $p$-adic analogue of an identity due to Ramanujan.
Let $β(q)=\sum_{n\ge 0} \mathfrak{b}(n)q^n$ be a second order mock theta function defined by $$\sum_{n\ge 0}\frac{q^{n(n+1)}(-q^2;q^2)_n}{(q;q^2)_{n+1}^2}.$$ In this paper, we obtain an infinite family of congruences modulo powers of $3$ for $\mathfrak{b}(n)$.
For rational $α$, the fractional partition functions $p_α(n)$ are given by the coefficients of the generating function $(q;q)^α_\infty$. When $α=-1$, one obtains the usual partition function. Congruences of the form $p(\ell n + c)\equiv 0 \pmod{\ell}$ for a prime $\ell$ and integer $c$ were studied by Ramanujan. Such congruences exist only for $\ell\in\{5,7,11\}.$ Chan and Wang [4] recently studied congruences for the fractional partition functions and gave several infinite families of congruences using identities of the Dedekind eta-function. Following their work, we use the theory of non-ord…
The theory of partition congruences has been a fascinating and difficult subject for over a century now. In attempting to prove a given congruence family, multiple possible complications include the genus of the underlying modular curve, representation difficulties of the associated sequences of modular functions, and difficulties regarding the piecewise $\ell$-adic convergence of elements of the associated space of modular functions. However, our knowledge of the subject has developed substantially and continues to develop. In this very brief survey, we will discuss the utility of modular fun…
Recently the first author proved a congruence proposed in 2006 by Adamchuk: $\sum_{k=1}^{\lfloor\frac{2p}{3}\rfloor}\binom{2k}{k}\equiv 0\pmod{p^2}$ for any prime $p=1 \pmod{3}$. In this paper, we provide more examples (with proofs) of congruences of the same kind $$\sum_{k=1}^{\lfloor\frac{ap}{r}\rfloor}\binom{2k}{k}x^k \pmod{p^2}$$ where $p$ is a prime such that $p\equiv 1 \pmod{r}$, $a/r$ is a fraction in $(1/2,1)$ and $x$ is a $p$-adic integer. The key ingredients are the $p$-adic Gamma functions $Γ_p$ and a special class of computer-discovered hypergeometric identities.
In the genus 1 case, mirror symmetry reduces to the statement that a certain family of generating functions, relating to an elliptic curve, are quasimodular. In their proof of this fact, Kaneko and Zagier used a related family of generating functions $A_n(τ)$, which they show to be quasimodular. We show that these $A_n$'s also satisfy Kummer-type congruences. Additionally, we show that for a prime $p$, the $p$th power coefficients of $A_n$ $p$-adically converge to zero, for specific values of $n$.
For a given prime $p$, we study the properties of the $p$-dissection identities of Ramanujan's theta functions $ψ(q)$ and $f(-q)$, respectively. Then as applications, we find many infinite family of congruences modulo 2 for some $\ell$-regular partition functions, especially, for $\ell=2,4,5,8,13,16$. Moreover, based on the classical congruences for $p(n)$ given by Ramanujan, we obtain many more congruences for some $\ell$-regular partition functions.
We introduce two new integer partition functions, both of which are the number of partition quadruples of $n$ with certain size restrictions. We prove both functions satisfy Ramanujan-type congruences modulo $3$, $5$, $7$, and $13$ by use of generalized Lambert series identities and $q$-series techniques.
Binomial coefficients and central trinomial coefficients play important roles in combinatorics. Let $p>3$ be a prime. We show that $$T_{p-1}\equiv\left(\frac p3\right)3^{p-1}\ \pmod{p^2},$$ where the central trinomial coefficient $T_n$ is the constant term in the expansion of $(1+x+x^{-1})^n$. We also prove three congruences modulo $p^3$ conjectured by Sun, one of which is $$\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\binom{p-1}k\binom{2k}k((-1)^k-(-3)^{-k})\equiv \left(\frac p3\right)(3^{p-1}-1)\ \pmod{p^3}.$$ In addition, we get some new combinatorial identities.
Inspired by Andrews' 2-colored generalized Frobenius partitions, we consider certain weighted 7-colored partition functions and establish some interesting Ramanujan-type identities and congruences. Moreover, we provide combinatorial interpretations of some congruences modulo 5 and 7. Finally, we study the properties of weighted 7-colored partitions weighted by the parity of certain partition statistics.
In this paper we prove some combinatorial identities which can be considered as generalizations and variations of remarkable Chu-Vandermonde identity. These identities are proved by using an elementary combinatorial-probabilistic approach to the expressions for the $k$-th moments ($k=1,2,3$) of some particular cases of recently investigated discrete random variables. Using one of these Chu-Vandermonde-type identities, two combinatorial congruences are established.
For any non-negative integer $n$ and non-zero integer $r$, let $p_r(n)$ denote Ramanujan's general partition function. By employing $q$-identities, we prove some new Ramanujan-type congruences modulo 5 for $p_r(n)$ for $r=-(5λ+1), -(5λ+3), -(5λ+4), -(25λ+1)$, $-(25λ+2)$, and any integer $λ$.
A partition of $n$ is $l$-regular if none of its parts is divisible by $l$. Let $b_l(n)$ denote the number of $l$-regular partitions of $n$. In this paper, using theta function identities due to Ramanujan, we establish some new infinite families of congruences for $b_l(n)$ modulo $l$, where $l=13,17,23$.
Let $c_N(n)$ denotes the number of bipartitions $(λ, μ)$ of a positive integer $n$ subject to the restriction that each part of $μ$ is divisible by $N$. In this paper, we prove some congruence properties of the function $c_N(n)$ for $N=7$, 11, and $5l$, for any integer $l\ge 1$, by employing Ramanujan's theta-function identities.
Inequalities for the number of $t$-hooks in two partition classes arising from sum-product identities
University of Florida（佛罗里达大学）；Seoul National University of Science and Technology（首尔科学技术大学）；Ewha Womans University（梨花女子大学）；The Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）
We determine the explicit formulas for the sum of products of homogeneous multiple harmonic sums $\sum_{k=1}^n \prod_{j=1}^r H_k(\{1\}^{λ_j})$ when $\sum_{j=1}^r λ_j\leq 5$. We apply these identities to the study of two congruences modulo a power of a prime.
In a work of 1995, Alladi, Andrews, and Gordon provided a generalization of the two Capparelli identities involving certain classes of integer partitions. Inspired by that contribution, in particular as regards the general setting and the tools the authors employed, we obtain new partition identities by identifying further sets of partitions that can be explicitly put into a one-to-one correspondence by the method described in the 1995 paper. As a further result, although of a different nature, we obtain an analytical identity of Rogers-Ramanujan type, involving generating functions, for a cla…
In this paper, we study linear differential equations arising from Bessel polynomials and their applications. From these linear differential equations, we give some new and explicit identities for Bessel polynomials.
In this paper, we investigate some properties of Chebyshev polynomials arising from non-linear differential equations. From our investigation, we derive some new and interesting identities on Chebyshev polynomials.
In this paper, we study nonlinear differential equations arising from Eulerian polynomials and their applications. From our study of nonlinear differential equations, we derive some new and explicit identities involving Eulerian and higher-order Eulerian polynomials.
For any positive integers $n$ and $r$, let $p_r(n)$ denotes the number of partitions of $n$ where each part has $r$ distinct colours. Many authors studied the partition function $p_r(n)$ for particular values of $r$. In this paper, we prove some general congruences modulo $5$ and $7$ for the colour partition function $p_r(n)$ by considering some general values of $r$. To prove the congruences we employ some $q$-series identities which is also in the spirit of Ramanujan.
In this paper, we study some properties of associated sequaences in umbral calculus. From these properties, we derive new and interesting identities of several kinds of polynomials.
In this paper, we study umbral calculus to have alternative ways of obtaining our results. That is, we derive some interesting identities of the higher-order Bernoulli, Euler and Hermite polynomials arising from umbral calculus to have alternative ways.
In this paper, we give some new and interesting identities which are derived from the basis of Frobenius-Euler. Recently, Simsek et als(see [13]) have given some identities of q-analogue of Frobenius-Euler polynomials related to q-Bernstein polynomials. From the methods of our paper, we can also derive the results and identities of Simsek et als (cf.[13]).
New identities and congruences involving the ranks and cranks of partitions are proved. The proof depends on a new partial differential equation connecting their generating functions.
This article computes the Galois groups of congruence covers arising in the context of certain hyperbolic triangle groups. As a consequence of this computation, the genera of the respective curves are deduced.
We study $N$-congruences between quadratic twists of elliptic curves. If $N$ has exactly two distinct prime factors we show that these are parametrised by double covers of certain modular curves. In many, but not all cases, the modular curves in question correspond to the normaliser of a Cartan subgroup of $\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z})$. By computing explicit models for these double covers we find all pairs $(N, r)$ such that there exist infinitely many $j$-invariants of elliptic curves $E/\mathbb{Q}$ which are $N$-congruent with power $r$ to a quadratic twist of $E$. We also find an …
In this paper, we study degenerate ordered Bell polynomials with the viewpoint of Carlitz's degenerate Bernoulli and Euler polynomials and derive by using umbral calculus some properties and new identities for the degenerate ordered Bell polynomials associated with special polynomials.
In this paper we consider non-linear differential equations which are closely related to the generating functions of Frobenius-Euler polynomials. From our non-linear differential equations, we derive some new identities between the sums of products of Frobenius-Euler polynomials and Frobenius-Euler polynomials of higher order.
Recently, Amdeberhan and Merca proved some arithmetic properties of the crank parity function $C(n)$ defined as the difference between the number of partitions of $n$ with even cranks and those with odd cranks and the sequence $a(n)$ whose generating function is the reciprocal of that of $C(n)$. The function $C(n)$ was first studied by Choi, Kang, and Lovejoy. In this note, we give new elementary proofs of some of their main results and extend them. In particular, we establish Ramanujan-type congruences modulo $5$ and $25$ for certain finite sums involving $C(n)$ and $a(n)$. Our proofs employ …
In this paper, we study some properties of Sheffer sequences for the powers of Sheffer pairs under umbral composition. From our properties we derive new and interesting identities of Sheffer sequences of special polynomials for the powers of Sheffer pairs under umbral composition.
