arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1910.07166physics.soc-ph
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城市规模化中的地方化和城市化经济的证据

Evidence for localization and urbanization economies in urban scaling

Somwrita Sarkar, Elsa Arcaute, Erez Hatna, Tooran Alizadeh, Glen Searle, Michael Batty

摘要:

我们研究了澳大利亚和美国功能性大都市区的(i)职业类别的工人数量和总收入对城市规模的影响,以及(ii)不同职业的工人数量对总收入的影响。特定高收入知识经济相关职业和行业的工人数量和总收入显示出城市规模的规模收益递增,表明特定行业内的本地化经济占超线性效应。然而,当总的城市地区收入和/或国内生产总值回归使用广义柯布-道格拉斯函数对工人的数量在不同的职业作为劳动力投入,不断回报的规模生产率对城市规模进行观察。这意味着整个城市层面的城市化经济表现出线性规模效应或规模报酬不变。此外,工业和职业组织,而不是人口规模,在很大程度上解释了观察到的生产率变量。结果表明,一些非常具体的行业和职业有助于观察到的整体超线性。研究结果表明,不仅是规模,而且是具体的城市内部经济和社会活动组织以及物理基础设施的多样性,应该用来理解城市规模行为。

英文摘要:

We study the scaling of (i) numbers of workers and aggregate incomes by occupational categories against city size, and (ii) total incomes against numbers of workers in different occupations, across the functional metropolitan areas of Australia and the US. The number of workers and aggregate incomes in specific high income knowledge economy related occupations and industries show increasing returns to scale by city size, showing that localization economies within particular industries account for superlinear effects. However, when total urban area incomes and/or Gross Domestic Products are regressed using a generalised Cobb-Douglas function against the number of workers in different occupations as labour inputs, constant returns to scale in productivity against city size are observed. This implies that the urbanization economies at the whole city level show linear scaling or constant returns to scale. Furthermore, industrial and occupational organisations, not population size, largely explain the observed productivity variable. The results show that some very specific industries and occupations contribute to the observed overall superlinearity. The findings suggest that it is not just size but also that it is the diversity of specific intra-city organization of economic and social activity and physical infrastructure that should be used to understand urban scaling behaviors.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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