AI 中文总结
本研究结合欧洲某城市的人口与企业数据，揭示城市核心区存在空间依赖型“服务陷阱”，远程工作不平等从个人延伸至城市生态系统。
AI 中文摘要
远程工作已从根本上重塑了城市经济生活以及城市间活动的空间组织。然而，灵活工作的获取在各行业、收入群体和性别之间分布不均，造成了健康风险、社会互动和经济机会方面的差异。因此，了解工作场所依赖性（WPD）集中在何处十分重要，但它在城市区域中的分布仍鲜为人知。本研究将大型欧洲城市的细粒度人口小时数据与详细的公司记录相结合，探究位置、行业构成和社会经济特征如何影响实际工作场所出勤情况。通过对比新冠疫情限制措施宽松与严格时期的工作场所活动，我们确定了WPD的决定因素。研究发现，尽管行业和企业生产力是关键驱动因素，但WPD与收入、性别之间的关系高度依赖于距市中心的距离。在市中心附近，女性占多数且收入多样化的区域显示出最高的WPD，这与受地域限制的服务性劳动力一致。这些发现揭示了城市核心区域存在空间依赖型的“服务陷阱”，将远程工作的不平等从个人延伸至整个城市生态系统。
英文摘要
Remote work has fundamentally reshaped urban economic life, and the spatial organisation of activity across cities. However, access to flexible work is distributed unevenly across industries, income groups, and genders, creating disparities in health risks, social mixing, and economic opportunity. Understanding where workplace dependence (WPD) is concentrated is therefore important, yet its distribution across urban areas remains poorly understood. Here we pair fine-grained hourly population data with detailed company records in a large European city to examine how location, industry composition, and socio-economic characteristics shape physical workplace attendance. By comparing workplace activity during periods of low versus high COVID-19 restrictions, we identify the determinants of WPD. We find that while industry and firm productivity are key drivers, the relationship between WPD, income, and gender is highly contingent on distance from the city center. Near the centre, female-majority and income-diverse locations show the highest WPD, consistent with a residual, place-bound service workforce. These findings reveal a spatially contingent 'service trap' at the urban core, extending remote-work inequalities beyond individuals to the urban ecosystem as a whole.
Comments35 pages, 15 figures
