全球公路网的尺度结构
The scaling structure of the global road network
摘要：
由于全球日益城市化及其直接后果，包括粮食需求、流通和土地使用模式的变化，下一个世纪将见证全世界铺设公路的范围大幅度增加。为了模拟这种增长的影响，至关重要的是要了解可能的自组织模式是否是全球道路网络结构中固有的。在这里，我们使用最大的更新数据库，包括地球上所有的主要道路，连同全球城市和农田库存，表明农田内的道路长度分布是无法区分的城市，一旦重新调整，以考虑平均道路长度的差异。这种相似性延伸到给定区域的城市或农业领域内的道路长度分布。我们发现两个不同的制度的缩放的平均道路长度与相关的区域，在一般情况下，在后者的小和大的值。在适当大的城市和农田领域，我们发现，平均道路长度和总长度线性增加与他们的域面积，不同于早期的建议。规模制度表明，简单和普遍的机制，在全球范围内管理城市和农田道路扩张。因此，我们的研究结果对基于土地利用变化的全球道路基础设施增长和维持城市扩张的规划政策产生了影响。
英文摘要：
Because of increasing global urbanization and its immediate consequences, including changes in patterns of food demand, circulation and land use, the next century will witness a major increase in the extent of paved roads built worldwide. To model the effects of this increase, it is crucial to understand whether possible self-organized patterns are inherent in the global road network structure. Here, we use the largest updated database comprising all major roads on Earth, together with global urban and cropland inventories, to suggest that road length distributions within croplands are indistinguishable from urban ones, once rescaled to account for the difference in mean road length. Such similarity extends to road length distributions within urban or agricultural domains of given area. We find two distinct regimes for the scaling of the mean road length with the associated area, holding in general at small and at large values of the latter. In suitably large urban and cropland domains, we find that mean and total road lengths increase linearly with their domain area, differently from earlier suggestions. Scaling regimes suggest that simple and universal mechanisms regulate urban and cropland road expansion at the global scale. As such, our findings bear implications for global road infrastructure growth based on land-use change and for planning policies sustaining urban expansions.
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