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arXiv 1909.07799cond-mat.softphysics.class-phphysics.geo-ph
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在一个玻璃珠缓慢的动态

Slow dynamics in a single glass bead

John Y. Yoritomo, Richard L. Weaver

摘要:

慢动态非线性普遍存在于具有裂纹微结构的脆性材料中,如岩石和混凝土。该行为的一个定义特征是机械调节后刚度的动态及时恢复。观察到的表现出缓慢动力学的材料在微观结构、化学成分和规模(从实验室到地震学)上都有很大的不同,这表明了某种普遍性。对于一般的普适性,特别是对数(时间)恢复,缺乏一致的理论理解。早期的研究主要集中在砂岩和其他天然岩石上,但近年来,其他实验场所也被引入,为理论提供信息。一种这样的系统是未固结的玻璃珠包。然而,珠包仍然包含许多接触点。接触之间的力分布是未知的。在这里,我们提出了一个更简单的系统-一个单一的玻璃珠限制在两个大玻璃板上的慢动力学测量。该系统的设计是为了快速控制接触区环境。使用超声波作为系统的探头,并使用尾波干涉测量法评估变化。三种不同的低频调节方法,都导致缓慢的动态恢复。结果表明,力链在颗粒介质慢动力学中不起重要作用,因为它们在我们的系统中不存在。

英文摘要:

Slow dynamic nonlinearity is ubiquitous amongst brittle materials, such as rocks and concrete, with cracked microstructures. A defining feature of the behavior is the logarithmic-in-time recovery of stiffness after a mechanical conditioning. Materials observed to exhibit slow dynamics are sufficiently different in microstructure, chemical composition, and scale (ranging from the laboratory to the seismological) to suggest some kind of universality. There lacks a consensus theoretical understanding of the universality in general and the log(time) recovery in particular. Seminal studies were focused on sandstones and other natural rocks, but in recent years other experimental venues have been introduced with which to inform theory. One such system is unconsolidated glass bead packs. However, bead packs still contain many contact points. The force distribution amongst the contacts is unknown. Here, we present slow dynamics measurements on a yet simpler system - a single glass bead confined between two large glass plates. The system is designed with a view towards rapid control of the contact zone environment. Ultrasonic waves are used as a probe of the system, and changes are assessed with coda wave interferometry. Three different methods of low-frequency conditioning are applied; all lead to slow dynamic recoveries. Results imply that force chains do not play an essential role in granular media slow dynamics, as they are absent in our system.

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