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arXiv 1909.00744math.SGmath-phmath.DGmath.MPphysics.class-ph
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无穷维等变映射的Normal Form和奇异辛约化及其在规范域论中的应用

Normal Form of Equivariant Maps and Singular Symplectic Reduction in Infinite Dimensions with Applications to Gauge Field Theory

Tobias Diez

摘要:

建立了Fréchet流形间光滑等变映射的局部规范形定理。此外,还得到了该定理的一个椭圆形式.这些规范形结果的证明受到动力系统的Lyapunov-Schmidt约化和模空间的Kuranishi方法的启发,并使用Fréchet流形的切片定理作为主要的技术工具。作为该等变范式定理的结果,通过分解关于群作用的等变映射的水平集而获得的抽象模空间具有Kuranishi空间的结构。此外,奇异辛约化理论在无限维Fréchet设置。通过改进上述构造,建立了类似于经典Marle-Guillemin-Sternberg规范形的动量映射规范形。类似于有限维中的推理,然后使用该规范形式结果来表明,约化相空间分解成光滑流形,每个光滑流形携带自然辛结构。最后,在原相空间为无限维余切丛的情况下,进一步研究了奇异辛约化格式。余切丛的纤维状结构将通常的轨道-动量型地层细化为所谓的接缝。使用适当的规范形定理,它表明,这些接缝是流形。以谐振子为例,说明了接缝对动力学的影响。上述一般结果适用于各种规范理论模型。研究了四维反自对偶联络和二维Yang-Mills联络的模空间。此外,在一个哈密顿公式中研究了杨-米尔斯-希格斯理论约化相空间的分层结构。

英文摘要:

A local normal form theorem for smooth equivariant maps between Fréchet manifolds is established. Moreover, an elliptic version of this theorem is obtained. The proof these normal form results is inspired by the Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction for dynamical systems and by the Kuranishi method for moduli spaces, and uses a slice theorem for Fréchet manifolds as the main technical tool. As a consequence of this equivariant normal form theorem, the abstract moduli space obtained by factorizing a level set of the equivariant map with respect to the group action carries the structure of a Kuranishi space. Moreover, the theory of singular symplectic reduction is developed in the infinite-dimensional Fréchet setting. By refining the above construction, a normal form for momentum maps similar to the classical Marle-Guillemin-Sternberg normal form is established. Analogous to the reasoning in finite dimensions, this normal form result is then used to show that the reduced phase space decomposes into smooth manifolds each carrying a natural symplectic structure. Finally, the singular symplectic reduction scheme is further investigated in the situation where the original phase space is an infinite-dimensional cotangent bundle. The fibered structure of the cotangent bundle yields a refinement of the usual orbit-momentum type strata into so-called seams. Using a suitable normal form theorem, it is shown that these seams are manifolds. Taking the harmonic oscillator as an example, the influence of the seams on dynamics is illustrated. The general results stated above are applied to various gauge theory models. The moduli spaces of anti-self-dual connections in four dimensions and of Yang-Mills connections in two dimensions is studied. Moreover, the stratified structure of the reduced phase space of the Yang-Mills-Higgs theory is investigated in a Hamiltonian formulation.

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