On a simple derivation of the very low damping escape rate for classical spins by modifying the method of Kramers
Declan J. Byrne, William T. Coffey, Yuri P. Kalmykov, Serguey V. Titov
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16 pages, 1 figure. Published in: Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications. Journal reference: Physica A, volume 527, 121195. Date of Publication: 1 August 2019. Publisher: Elsevier
The original perturbative Kramers' method (starting from the phase space coordinates) (Kramers, 1940) of determining the energy-controlled-diffusion equation for Newtonian particles with separable and additive Hamiltonians is generalized to yield the energy-controlled diffusion equation and thus the very low damping (VLD) escape rate including spin-transfer torque for classical giant magnetic spins with two degrees of freedom. These have dynamics governed by the magnetic Langevin and Fokker-Planck equations and thus are generally based on non-separable and non-additive Hamiltonians. The derivation of the VLD escape rate directly from the (magnetic) Fokker-Planck equation for the surface distribution of magnetization orientations in the configuration space of the polar and azimuthal angles $(\vartheta, φ)$ is much simpler than those previously used.
The theory of stochastic resetting asserts that restarting a search process at certain times may accelerate the finding of a target. In the case of a classical diffusing particle trapped in a potential well, stochastic resetting may decrease the escape times due to thermal fluctuations. Here, we numerically explore the Kramers problem for a cubic potential, which is the simplest potential with a escape. Both deterministic and Poisson resetting times are analyzed. We use a Monte Carlo approach, which is necessary for generic complex potentials, and we show that the optimal rate is related to th…
The problem of noise-induced transitions is often associated with Hendrik Kramers due to his seminal paper of 1940, where an archetypal example - one-dimensional potential system subject to linear damping and weak white noise - was considered and the quasi-stationary rate of escape over a potential barrier was estimated for the ranges of extremely small and moderate-to-large damping. The gap between these ranges was covered in the 80th by one of Rashba's favourite disciples Vladimir Ivanovich Mel'nikov. It is natural to pose a question: how does the escape rate achieve the quasi-stationary sta…
The probability per unit time for a thermally activated Brownian particle to escape over a potential well is in general well-described by Kramers theory. Kramers showed that the escape time decreases exponentially with increasing barrier height. The dynamics slow down when the particle is charged and subjected to a Lorentz force due to an external magnetic field. This is evident via a rescaling of the diffusion coefficient entering as a prefactor in the Kramers escape rate without any impact on the barrier-height-dependent exponent. Here we show that the barrier height can be effectively chang…
Kramer's theory of activation over a potential barrier consists in computing the mean exit time from the boundary of a basin of attraction of a randomly perturbed dynamical system. Here we report that for some systems, crossing the boundary is not enough, because stochastic trajectories return inside the basin with a high probability a certain number of times before escaping far away. This situation is due to a shallow potential. We compute the mean and distribution of escape times and show how this result explains the large distribution of interburst durations in neuronal networks.
Thermally activated escape of a Brownian particle over a potential barrier is well understood within Kramers theory. When subjected to an external magnetic field, the Lorentz force slows down the escape dynamics via a rescaling of the diffusion coefficient without affecting the exponential dependence on the barrier height. Here, we study the escape dynamics of a charged Brownian particle from a two-dimensional truncated harmonic potential under the influence of Lorentz force due to an external magnetic field. The particle is driven anisotropically by subjecting it to noises with different stre…
Spontaneous persistent motions driven by active processes play a central role to maintain the living cells far from equilibrium. In the majority of the research works, the steady state dynamics of an active system has been described in terms of an effective temperature. In the majority of the research works, the steady state dynamics of an active system has been described in terms of an effective temperature. By contrast, we have examined a prototype model for diffusion in an activity-induced rugged energy landscape to describe the slow dynamics of a tagged particle in a dense active environme…
Modern view of activated rate processes: unidirectional fluxes at equilibrium, correlation functions, and splitting probabilities
University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校);Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校奥登计算工程与科学学院);Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校化学系)
In this paper, a comprehensive examination of the temperature- and bias-dependent diffusion regimes of underdamped Brownian particles is presented. A temperature threshold for a transition between anomalous and normal diffusive behaviors is located, yielding a new phase diagram for the system. In the low-temperature regime, the system exhibits an apparent negative differential mobility due to persistent, long-time subdiffusion at low-bias; at high temperature (or critical bias,) the system rapidly approaches normal diffusion below an intermediate barrier height, $U_o \sim k_B T$. By considerat…