束缚态电离和离解的Kramers速率理论
Kramers rate theory of ionization and dissociation of bound states
摘要：
到目前为止，计算束缚态（如经典双原子分子）的微观解离速率一直很困难。问题在于，标准理论需要一个能垒，束缚的粒子（或状态）越过这个能垒就能逃逸到较好的低能态。当造成势垒的长程排斥力不存在或被屏蔽（如库珀对、电离等离子体或生物分子复合物）时，情况就不是这样了。我们解决了这个经典的问题，占熵记忆在微观层面上。该理论预测的解离率为任意电位，并成功地测试了等离子体的例子，在那里它产生的电离在太阳的核心与实验非常吻合的估计。在生物学中，新理论解释了受体-配体动力学和蛋白质聚集中的拥挤现象。
英文摘要：
Calculating the microscopic dissociation rate of a bound state, such as a classical diatomic molecule, has been difficult so far. The problem was that standard theories require an energy barrier over which the bound particle (or state) escapes into the preferred low-energy state. This is not the case when the long-range repulsion responsible for the barrier is either absent or screened (as in Cooper pairs, ionized plasma, or biomolecular complexes). We solve this classical problem by accounting for entropic memory at the microscopic level. The theory predicts dissociation rates for arbitrary potentials and is successfully tested on the example of plasma, where it yields an estimate of ionization in the core of Sun in excellent agreement with experiments. In biology, the new theory accounts for crowding in receptor-ligand kinetics and protein aggregation.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
