场论中Kramers问题的公式化
Formulating the Kramers problem in field theory
摘要：
逃逸问题是在量子场论的背景下定义的。通过推广标准Kramers问题，明确地导出了涨落耗散动力学支配下的标量场的逃逸率。在热涨落存在的情况下，有一个经典的背景场，最初位于其潜力的最小值在一个均匀的配置，从井逃逸的非零概率。本文首先回顾了经典点粒子在随机力作用下的逃逸这一简单而著名的相关问题。然后，我们讨论了一个明确的制定逃逸率的标量场，以及如何克服这些困难。给出了标量场的Kramers问题的定义和求取速率的方法。最后，我们讨论了一些潜在的应用，我们的结果，它可以从凝聚态系统，即，非相对论性领域，应用于高能物理，如宇宙学相变。
英文摘要：
The escape problem is defined in the context of quantum field theory. The escape rate is explicitly derived for a scalar field governed by fluctuation-dissipation dynamics, through generalizing the standard Kramers problem. In the presence of thermal fluctuations, there is a nonvanishing probability for a classical background field, initially located at a minimum of its potential in a homogeneous configuration, to escape from the well. The simple and well-known related problem of the escape of a classical point particle due to random forces is first reviewed. We then discuss the difficulties associated with a well-defined formulation of an escape rate for a scalar field and how these can be overcome. A definition of the Kramers problem for a scalar field and a method to obtain the rate are provided. Finally, we discuss some of the potential applications of our results, which can range from condensed matter systems, i.e., nonrelativistic fields, to applications in high-energy physics, like for cosmological phase transitions.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
