A. V. Kotikov, A. I. Onishchenko
DGLAP and BFKL equations are among the cornestones of the contemporary QCD. Moreover, they also played an important role in the recent studies of integrability structure of $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM. Here, we review the results obtained along this way together with a brief account of approaches and methods used.
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We derive the DGLAP and BFKL evolution equations in the N=4 supersymmetric gauge theory in the next-to-leading approximation. The eigenvalue of the BFKL kernel in this model turns out to be an analytic function of the conformal spin |n|. Its analytic continuation to negative |n| in the leading logarithmic approximation allows us to obtain residues of anomalous dimensions γof twist-2 operators in the non-physical points j=0,-1,... from the BFKL equation in an agreement with their direct calculation from the DGLAP equation. Moreover, in the multi-color limit of the N=4 model the BFKL and DGLAP d…
Seeing through the confinement screen: DGLAP/BFKL mixing and light-ray matching in QCD
本文提出在QCD中通过光子匹配和轨迹重新组合，预测喷注粒子数的能量依赖性，并通过模拟验证其准确性。
We show that a resummation model for the evolution kernel at small x creates a bridge between the weak and strong couplings. The resummation model embodies DGLAP and BFKL anomalous dimensions at leading logarithmic orders, as well as a kinematical constraint on the real emission part of the kernel. In the case of pure gluodynamics the strong coupling limit of the Pomeron intercept is consistent with the exchange of the spin-two, colorless particle.
A unified description of DGLAP, CSS, and BFKL: TMD factorization bridging large and small x
本文提出统一大、小Bjorken-x区域的TMD因子分解方案，通过NLO QCD修正得到涵盖横动量、快度和x的新演化，并在匹配共线与高能因子分解时复现DGLAP、CSS及BFKL。
We study next-to-leading corrections to the integral kernel of the BFKL equation for high energy cross-sections in QCD and in supersymmetric gauge theories. The eigenvalue of the BFKL kernel is calculated in an analytic form as a function of the anomalous dimension γof the local gauge-invariant operators and their conformal spin n. For the case of an extended N=4 SUSY the kernel is significantly simplified. In particular, the terms non-analytic in n are canceled. We discuss the relation between the DGLAP and BFKL equations in the N=4 model.
Using the requirement of Möbius invariance of ${\cal N}$=4 SYM amplitudes in the Regge limit we restore the conformal NLO BFKL kernel out of the eigenvalues known from the forward NLO BFKL result.
Transverse momentum broadening from NLL BFKL to all orders in pQCD
该研究在微扰QCD任意阶下分析饱和动量的普适行为，通过偏离双对数极限推导其大尺度渐近展开，明确了固定耦合、共形理论及跑动耦合QCD下的普适项来源，得到任意阶精确普适系数。
Born-Oppenheimer Renormalization group for High Energy Scattering: the Modified BFKL, or where did it all go?
本文研究了 Born-Oppenheimer 重整化群框架下稀薄-稀薄散射总截面的频率演化，推导了 BO-BFKL 方程，发现频率演化显著减缓了散射振幅演化，大幅降低了 Pomeron 截距和反常维度，并强调了高能演化中考虑 DGLAP 效应的必要性。
Analytical solution to DGLAP integro-differential equation via complex maps in domains of contour integrals
本文提出一个简化模型，通过复映射将DGLAP方程转化为BFKL方程，并利用复微分同胚得到Gradshteyn和Ryzhik表中的标准积分，揭示了Bessel函数与Barnes轮廓积分的关系。
We analyze a modification of the BFKL kernel for the adjoint representation of the colour group in the maximally supersymmetric (N=4) Yang-Mills theory in the limit of a large number of colours, related to the modification of the eigenvalues of the kernel suggested by S. Bondarenko and A. Prygarin in order to reach the Hermitian separability of the eigenvalues. We restore the modified kernel in the momentum space. It turns out that the modification is related only to the real part of the kernel and that the correction to the kernel can not be presented by a single analytic function in the enti…
We review the applications of the Quantum Spectral Curve (QSC) method to the Regge (BFKL) limit in N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. QSC, based on quantum integrability of the AdS$_5$/CFT$_4$ duality, was initially developed as a tool for the study of the spectrum of anomalous dimensions of local operators in the N=4 SYM in the planar, $N_c\to\infty$ limit. We explain how to apply the QSC for the BFKL limit, which requires non-trivial analytic continuation in spin $S$ and extends the initial construction to non-local light-ray operators. We give a brief review of high precision non-perturb…
We find the eigenvalue of the kernel of BFKL equation in the next-to-next-to-next-to-leading logarithm approximation (NNNLLA) in the planar N=4 SYM theory by using the quantum spectral curve to compute values at fixed spin, and reconstructing the general result using the LLL-algorithm, which also was used for the reconstruction of the general result for the intercept function for arbitrary conformal spin at fourth order, computed earlier in paper 1802.06908 up to the rational part. We have found, that a new type of harmonic sums enter into results. Those sums have the argument multiplied by fa…
We find the eigenvalue of the kernel of BFKL equation in the next-to-next-to-leading logarithm approximation in the planar N=4 SM theory from the constraints, coming from the six-loop anomalous dimension of twist-2 operators and known large-gamma limit.
Born-Oppenheimer Renormalization group for High Energy Scattering: CSS, DGLAP and all that
本文利用 BO 重整化群推导强子 TMD 与 PDF 的演化，说明线性项对应 CSS/DGLAP，而非线性受激发射修正可在小 x 修改 DGLAP 并产生类似遮蔽的负效应。
We obtain an analytical expression for the Next-to-Next-to-Leading order of the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) Pomeron eigenvalue in planar SYM N=4 using Quantum Spectral Curve (QSC) integrability based method. The result is verified with more than 60 digits precision using the numerical method developed by us in a previous paper. As a byproduct we developed a general analytic method of solving the QSC perturbatively.
Running coupling effects in the anti-collinear resummation in high energy evolution
研究 QCD 耦合跑动对 JIMWLK 演化中反共线重整化的影响，确定耦合标度选择并推导相关核，发现耦合跑动减缓 BFKL 演化，γ = 1 时广义特征函数值不受影响，开发近似方法得出反共线区域坡密子截距因二者降低。
The forward BFKL equation is discretised in virtuality space and it is shown that the diffusion into infrared and ultraviolet momenta can be understood in terms of a semi-infinite matrix. The square truncation of this matrix can be exponentiated leading to asymptotic eigenstates sharing many features with the BFKL gluon Green's function in the limit of large matrix size. This truncation is closely related to a representation of the XXX Heisenberg spin $= - \frac{1}{2}$ chain with SL(2) invariance where the Hamiltonian acts on a symmetric double copy of the harmonic oscillator. A simple modific…
We discuss the algebraic structure of the spin chains related to high energy scattering in QCD. We study the sl(2) Yangian symmetry and possible generalizations to nonzero spin and anisotropy parameter.
We generalize local operators of the leading twist-2 of N=4 SYM theory to the case of complex Lorentz spin j using principal series representation of sl(2,R). We give the direct computation of correlation function of two such non-local operators in the BFKL regime when j -> 1. The correlator appears to have the expected conformal coordinate dependence governed by the anomalous dimension of twist-2 operator in NLO BFKL approximation predicted by Kotikov and Lipatov.
We present calculation of the correlation function of three twist-2 operators in the BFKL limit. The calculation is performed in N = 4 SYM but the result is valid in other gauge theories such as QCD. The obtained leading order structure constant is exact for any number of colors.
We discuss a residual freedom of the next-to-leading BFKL eigenvalue that originates from ambiguity in redistributing the next-to-leading~(NLO) corrections between the adjoint BFKL eigenvalue and eigenfunctions in planar $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills~(SYM) Theory. In terms of the remainder function of the Bern-Dixon-Smirnov~(BDS) amplitude this freedom is translated to reshuffling correction between the eigenvalue and the impact factors in the multi-Regge kinematics~(MRK) in the next-to-leading logarithm approximation~(NLA). We show that the modified NLO BFKL eigenvalue suggested by the aut…
The high-energy behavior of the N=4 SYM amplitudes in the Regge limit can be calculated order by order in perturbation theory using the high-energy operator expansion in Wilson lines. At large $N_c$, a typical four-point amplitude is determined by a single BFKL pomeron. The conformal structure of the four-point amplitude is fixed in terms of two functions: pomeron intercept and the coefficient function in front of the pomeron (the product of two residues). The pomeron intercept is universal while the coefficient function depends on the correlator in question. The intercept is known in the firs…
We analyze the structure of the eigenvalue of the color-singlet Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov~(BFKL) equation in N=4 SYM in terms of the meromorphic functions obtained by the analytic continuation of harmonic sums from positive even integer values of the argument to the complex plane. The meromorphic functions we discuss have pole singularities at negative integers and take finite values at all other points. We derive the reflection identities for harmonic sums at weight five decomposing a product of two harmonic sums with mixed pole structure into a linear combination of terms each having a p…
We consider N=4 SYM and a class of spin N, length-3, twist operators beyond the well studied sl(2) subsector. They can be identified at one-loop with three gluon operators. At strong coupling, they are associated with spinning strings with two spins in AdS5. We exploit the Y-system to compute the leading weak-coupling four loop wrapping correction to their anomalous dimension. The result is written in closed form as a function of the spin N. We combine the wrapping correction with the known four-loop asymptotic Bethe Ansatz contribution and analyze special limits in the spin N. In particular, …
We compute the correlation function of three twist-2 operators in N = 4 SYM in the leading BFKL approximation at any N_c. In this limit, the result is applicable to other gauge theories, including QCD.
We developed a general non-perturbative framework for the BFKL spectrum of planar N=4 SYM, based on the Quantum Spectral Curve (QSC). It allows one to study the spectrum in the whole generality, extending previously known methods to arbitrary values of conformal spin $n$. We show how to apply our approach to reproduce all known perturbative results for the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) Pomeron eigenvalue and get new predictions. In particular, we re-derived the Faddeev-Korchemsky Baxter equation for the Lipatov spin chain with non-zero conformal spin reproducing the corresponding BFKL k…
The study presents an analytic solution of the Balitsky-Kovchegov~(BK) equation in a particular kinematics. The solution is written in the momentum space and based on the eigenfunctions of the truncated Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov~(BFKL) equation in the gauge adjoint representation, which was used for calculation of the Regge~(Mandelstam) cut contribution to the planar helicity amplitudes. We introduce an eigenfunction of the singlet BFKL equation constructed of the adjoint eigenfunction multiplied by a factor, which restores the dual conformal symmetry present in the adjoint and broken in t…
In the high energy Regge limit, the six gluons scattering amplitude is controlled by the adjoint BFKL eigenvalue and impact factor. In this paper we determine these two building blocks at any value of the 't Hooft coupling in planar $\cal{N}$=4 SYM theory. This is achieved by means of analytic continuations from the collinear limit, where similar all loops expressions were recently established. We check our predictions against all available data at weak and strong coupling.
We consider correlators of N=4 super Yang Mills of the form A ~ < O_1 O_2 O*_1 O*_2 >, where the operators O_1 and O_2 are scalar primaries. In particular, we analyze this correlator in the planar limit and in a Lorentzian regime corresponding to high energy interactions in AdS. The planar amplitude is dominated by a Regge pole whose nature varies as a function of the 't Hooft coupling g^2. At large g, the pole corresponds to graviton exchange in AdS, whereas at weak g, the pole is that of the hard perturbative BFKL pomeron. We concentrate on the weak coupling regime and analyze pomeron exchan…
We revisit the next-to-leading order~(NLO) correction to the eigenvalue of the BFKL equation in the adjoint representation and investigate its properties in analogy with the singlet BFKL in planar $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills Theory~(SYM). We show that the adjoint NLO BFKL eigenvalue is needed to be slightly modified in order to have a property of hermitian separability present for the singlet BFKL. After this modification the adjoint NLO BFKL eigenvalue is expressed through holomorphic and antiholomophic parts of the leading order eigenvalue and their derivatives. The proposed choice of t…
In the context of evolution equations and scattering amplitudes in the high energy limit of the N=4 super Yang-Mills theory we investigate in some detail the BFKL gluon Green function at next-to-leading order. In particular, we study its collinear behaviour in terms of an expansion in different angular components. We also perform a Monte Carlo simulation of the different final states contributing to such a Green function and construct the diffusion pattern into infrared and ultraviolet modes and multiplicity distributions, making emphasis in separating the gluon contributions from those of sca…
We compute the general form of the six-loop anomalous dimension of twist-two operators with arbitrary spin in planar N=4 SYM theory. First we find the contribution from the asymptotic Bethe ansatz. Then we reconstruct the wrapping terms from the first 35 even spin values of the full six-loop anomalous dimension computed using the quantum spectral curve approach. The obtained anomalous dimension satisfies all known constraints coming from the BFKL equation, the generalised double-logarithmic equation, and the small spin expansion.
Using the methods of the recently proposed Quantum Spectral Curve (QSC) originating from integrability of ${\cal N}=4$ Super--Yang-Mills theory we analytically continue the scaling dimensions of twist-2 operators and reproduce the so-called pomeron eigenvalue of the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) equation. Furthermore, we recovered the Faddeev-Korchemsky Baxter equation for Lipatov's spin chain and also found its generalization for the next-to-leading order in the BFKL scaling. Our results provide a non-trivial test of QSC describing the exact spectrum in planar ${\cal N}=4$ SYM at infin…
High-energy behavior of amplitudes in a gauge theory can be reformulated in terms of the evolution of Wilson-line operators. In the leading logarithmic approximation it is given by the conformally invariant BK equation for the evolution of color dipoles. In QCD, the next-to-leading order BK equation has both conformal and non-conformal parts, the latter providing the running of the coupling constant. To separate the conformally invariant effects from the running-coupling effects, we calculate the NLO evolution of the color dipoles in the conformal ${\cal N}$=4 SYM theory. We define the "compos…
We present the new results for the generalised double-logarithmic equation, obtained from the analytical continuation of the seven-loop anomalous dimension of twist-2 operators in the planar N=4 SYM theory. The double-logarithmic equation is related to the special asymptotic of the scattering amplitudes, when the large logarithms of the energy of scattering particles are appeared and should be summed in all order of perturbative theory. These large logarithms correspond to the poles of the analytically continued anomalous dimension. The generalised double-logarithmic equation includes the subl…
We show the result for the BFKL Pomeron intercept at N=4 Supersymmetric Yang-Mills model in the form of the inverse coupling expansion j0=2-2 lambda**(-1/2)- lambda**(-1) + 1/4 lambda**(-3/2) + 2(1+3zeta3) lambda**(-2) + O(lambda**(-5/2)), which has been calculated recently in [1] with the use of the AdS/CFT correspondence.
We show that the (gauge fixed) classical action of the Color Glass Condensate is invariant under a suitable Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin symmetry, that holds after the gluon modes are split into their fast, semi-fast and soft components, according to the longitudinal momenta they carry. This entails the existence of a corresponding Slavnov-Taylor identity which in turn strongly constrains the effective field theory arising when integrating out the semi-fast modes. Specifically, we prove that this identity guarantees the gauge invariance of the resulting effective theory. In addition, we use it to…
We review the result for the BFKL Pomeron intercept at N=4 Supersymmetric Yang-Mills model in the form of the inverse coupling expansion $j_0=2-2λ^{-1/2}-λ^{-1} + 1/4 \, λ^{-3/2} + 2(3ζ_3+1) \, λ^{-2} +(18ζ_3+361/64) \, λ^{-5/2} + (39ζ_3+447/32) \, λ^{-3} + O(λ^{-7/2})$ which has been calculated in [1]-[5] with the use of the AdS/CFT correspondence.
This work is devoted to the six-gluon scattering amplitude in strongly coupled N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. At weak coupling, an appropriate high energy limit of the so-called remainder function, i.e. of the deviation from the BDS formula, may be understood in terms of the lowest eigenvalue of the BFKL hamiltonian. According to Alday et al., amplitudes in the strongly coupled theory can be constructed through an auxiliary 1-dimensional quantum system. We argue that certain excitations of this quantum system determine the Regge limit of the remainder function at strong coupling and we …
We apply the recently proposed quantum spectral curve technique to the study of twist operators in planar N=4 SYM theory. We focus on the small spin expansion of anomalous dimensions in the sl(2) sector and compute its first two orders exactly for any value of the 't Hooft coupling. At leading order in the spin S we reproduced Basso's slope function. The next term of order S^2 structurally resembles the Beisert-Eden-Staudacher dressing phase and takes into account wrapping contributions. This expansion contains rich information about the spectrum of local operators at strong coupling. In parti…
The typical transverse momentum $Q_s(t)$ (or "saturation" momentum) acquired by a hard particle propagating through a $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM plasma increases over time like $t^γ$, with an anomalous exponent $γ>1/2$ characteristic of super-diffusion. This anomalous exponent is a function of the 't Hooft coupling $λ=g^2N_c$. Recently, a method has been proposed to systematically compute the perturbative series of $γ(λ)$ at weak coupling. This method relies on the traveling wave interpretation of the time evolution of $Q_s(t)$ and on the dominance of soft-collinear radiative corrections at large tim…
Regge Trajectories of N=4 SYM Part I: General Asymptotic Baxter-Bethe Ansatz
本文提出渐近 Baxter–Bethe Ansatz 方程，用于确定 N=4 SYM 的 BFKL 区域中雷格轨迹的渐近谱，并展示其可高效获得多圈微扰数据、分类轨迹，为强耦合非微扰研究奠定基础。
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