We revisit the study of the probe scalar quasinormal modes of a class of three-charge supersymmetric microstate geometries. We compute the real and imaginary parts of the quasinormal modes and show that in the parameter range when the geometries have large AdS region, the spectrum is precisely reproduced from a D1-D5 orbifold CFT analysis. The spectrum includes the slow decaying modes pointed out by Eperon, Reall, and Santos. We analyse in detail the nature of the quasinormal modes by studying the scalar wavefunction. We show that these modes correspond to slow leakage of excitation from AdS throat to infinity.
We establish an exact connection between the Choptuik scaling parameter for the three-dimensional BTZ black hole, and the imaginary part of the quasinormal frequencies for scalar perturbations. Via the AdS/CFT correspondence, this leads to an interpretation of Choptuik scaling in terms of the timescale for return to equilibrium of the dual conformal field theory.
The geometries describing D1-D5-P bound states in string theory have three regions: flat asymptotics, an anti-de Sitter throat, and a 'cap' region at the bottom of the throat. We identify the CFT description of a known class of supersymmetric D1-D5-P microstate geometries which describe degrees of freedom in the cap region. The class includes both regular solutions and solutions with conical defects, and generalizes configurations with known CFT descriptions: a parameter related to spectral flow in the CFT is generalized from integer to fractional values. We provide strong evidence for this id…
The hidden Kerr/CFT proposal implies that the massless scalar wave equation in the near-region and low-frequency limit respects a hidden SL(2,R)$\times$SL(2,R) invariance in the Kerr black hole spacetime. We may use this symmetry to determine quasinormal frequencies (QNFs) of the massless scalar wave propagating around the Kerr black hole algebraically. It is shown that QNFs obtained using the hidden conformal symmetry near the horizon correspond approximately to not only those of scalar perturbation around the near-horizon region of a nearly extremal Kerr (NEK) black hole, but also those of n…
Gravitational solutions involving shockwaves have attracted significant recent interest in the context of black holes and quantum chaos. Certain classes of supersymmetric two-charge black hole microstates are described by supergravity solutions containing shockwaves, that are horizonless and smooth away from the shockwave. These configurations have been used to describe how black hole microstates absorb and scramble perturbations. In this paper we construct the first family of asymptotically flat supersymmetric three-charge microstate solutions that contain shockwaves. We identify a family of …
We study the holographic duals of bosonic and fermionic fields and compute their Quasinormal Frequencies (QNF) by exploiting that they are massive charged fields in $\mathrm{AdS_2 \times \mathcal{K}}$. In particular, we assess the stability of the scalar and fermionic operators in Myers-Perry's black holes with equal angular momenta. We compute the central charge and the Hawking-entropy and introduce extremality parameters to determine the properties of the dual CFT. Then, we briefly discuss how detection of Spin-2 fields can pave the way for more deep understanding of the holographic principl…
It has long been known that the coarse-grained approximation to the black hole density of states can be computed using classical Euclidean gravity. In this work we argue for another entry in the dictionary between Euclidean gravity and black hole physics, namely that Euclidean wormholes describe a coarse-grained approximation to the energy level statistics of black hole microstates. To do so we use the method of constrained instantons to obtain an integral representation of wormhole amplitudes in Einstein gravity and in full-fledged AdS/CFT. These amplitudes are non-perturbative corrections to…
In this note, we explore the possibility that certain high-energy holographic CFT states correspond to black hole microstates with a geometrical behind-the-horizon region, modelled by a portion of a second asymptotic region terminating at an end-of-the-world (ETW) brane. We study the time-dependent physics of this behind-the-horizon region, whose ETW boundary geometry takes the form of a closed FRW spacetime. We show that in many cases, this behind-the-horizon physics can be probed directly by looking at the time dependence of entanglement entropy for sufficiently large spatial CFT subsystems.…
We calculate the scalar quasinormal modes of warped $AdS_3$ black holes analytically. We find that in general they are not in agreement with the prediction of the usual AdS/CFT correspondence. Nevertheless, for the black hole not deviating far from BTZ black hole, the quasinormal frequencies are still well consistent with AdS/CFT correspondence.
Applying the thermo-field double formalism to extremal black holes in AdS with a macroscopic horizon, we show that (1) there exists a natural basis for the degenerate microstates of an extremal black hole, and (2) cluster decomposition in the bulk implies that all correlators are exactly the same for every microstate of the extremal black hole. The latter statement can be interpreted in two ways. First, at the fully non-perturbative level of AdS/CFT at finite N, it means that cluster decomposition does not hold in the bulk. This may be viewed as a sharp manifestation of the bulk non-locality a…
We review and extend recent attempts to find a precise relation between extremal black hole entropy and degeneracy of microstates using AdS_2/CFT_1 correspondence. Our analysis leads to a specific relation between degeneracy of black hole microstates and an appropriately defined partition function of string theory on the near horizon geometry, -- named the quantum entropy function. In the classical limit this reduces to the usual relation between statistical entropy and Wald entropy.
In this work we discuss charged rotating black holes in $AdS_5 \times S^5$ that degenerate to extremal black holes with zero entropy. These black holes have scaling properties between charge and angular momentum similar to those of Fermi surface operators in a subsector of $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM. We add a massless uncharged scalar to the five dimensional supergravity theory, such that it still forms a consistent truncation of the type IIB ten dimensional supergravity and analyze its quasinormal modes. Separating the equation of motion to a radial and angular part, we proceed to solve the radial e…
We study information theoretic properties of planar black hole microstates in 2 + 1 dimensional asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime, modeled by black holes with an end-of-the-world brane behind the horizon. The von Neumann entropy of sufficiently large subregions in the dual CFT exhibits a time-dependent phase, which from a doubly-holographic perspective corresponds to the appearance of quantum extremal islands in the brane description. Considering the case where dilaton gravity is added to the brane, we show that tuning the associated couplings affects the propagation of information in th…
The electromagnetic and gravitational quasinormal spectra of $(3+1)$-dimensional plane-symmetric anti-de Sitter black holes are analyzed in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence. According to such a correspondence, the electromagnetic and gravitational quasinormal frequencies of these black holes are associated respectively to the poles of retarded correlation functions of $R$-symmetry currents and stress-energy tensor in the holographically dual conformal field theory: the $(2+1)$-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=8$ super-Yang-Mills theory. The connection between AdS black holes and the correspon…
We consider the various perturbations of self-dual warped AdS$_3$ black hole and obtain the exact expressions of quasinormal modes by imposing the vanishing Dirichlet boundary condition at asymptotic infinity. It is expected that the quasinormal modes agree with the poles of retarded Green's functions of the dual CFT. Our results provide a quantitative test of the warped AdS/CFT correspondence.
We use the Holevo information in a two-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT) with a large central charge $c$ to distinguish microstates from the underlying thermal state. Holographically, the CFT microstates of a thermal state are dual to black hole microstate geometries in three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. It was found recently that the holographic Holevo information shows plateau behaviors at both short and long interval regions. This indicates that the black hole microstates are indistinguishable from the thermal state by measuring over a small region, and perfectly distinguishable…
Deep conceptual problems associated with classical black holes can be addressed in string theory by the ``fuzzball'' paradigm, which provides a microscopic description of a black hole in terms of a thermodynamically large number of regular, horizonless, geometries with much less symmetry than the corresponding black hole. Motivated by the tantalizing possibility to observe quantum gravity signatures near astrophysical compact objects in this scenario, we perform the first $3+1$ numerical simulations of a scalar field propagating on a large class of multicenter geometries with no spatial isomet…
We use the Lorentzian AdS/CFT prescription to find the poles of the retarded thermal Green's functions of ${\cal N=4}$ SU(N) SYM theory in the limit of large N and large 't Hooft coupling. In the process, we propose a natural definition for quasinormal modes in an asymptotically AdS spacetime, with boundary conditions dictated by the AdS/CFT correspondence. The corresponding frequencies determine the dispersion laws for the quasiparticle excitations in the dual finite-temperature gauge theory. Correlation functions of operators dual to massive scalar, vector and gravitational perturbations in …
We investigate the classical stability of supersymmetric, asymptotically flat, microstate geometries with five non-compact dimensions. Such geometries admit an "evanescent ergosurface": a timelike hypersurface of infinite redshift. On such a surface, there are null geodesics with zero energy relative to infinity. These geodesics are stably trapped in the potential well near the ergosurface. We present a heuristic argument indicating that this feature is likely to lead to a nonlinear instability of these solutions. We argue that the precursor of such an instability can be seen in the behaviour …
We compute the full asymptotic symmetry group of black holes belonging to the same equivalence class of solutions within the Conformal Weyl Gravity formalism. We do this within an $AdS_2/CFT_1$ correspondence and by performing a Robinson-Wilczek two dimensional reduction, thus enabling the construction of an effective quantum theory of the remaining field content. The resulting energy momentum tensors generate asymptotic Virasoro algebras, to $s$-wave, with calculable central extensions. These centers in conjunction with their proper regularized lowest Virasoro eigen-modes yield the Bekenstein…
We construct a set of extremal D1-D5-P solutions, by taking appropriate limits in a known family of nonextremal 3-charge solutions. The extremal geometries turn out to be completely smooth, with no horizon and no singularity. The solutions have the right charges to be the duals of a family of CFT microstates which are obtained by spectral flow from the NS vacuum.
We analyze the fermionic quasinormal modes of the BTZ black hole in the presence of space-time noncommutativity. Our analysis exploits a duality between a spinless and spinning BTZ black hole, the spin being proportional to the noncommutative deformation parameter. Using the AdS/CFT correspondence we show that the horizon temperatures obtained from the dual CFT pick up noncommutative contributions. We demonstrate the equivalence between the quasinormal and non-quasinormal modes for the noncommutative fermionic probes, which provides further evidence of holography in the noncommutative setting.…
In the action-complexity proposal there are two different methods to regularize the gravitational on-shell action, which are equivalent in the framework of AdS/CFT. In this paper, we want to study the equivalence of them for a pure BTZ black hole microstate. The microstate is obtained from a two-sided BTZ black hole truncated by a dynamical timelike ETW brane. Moreover, it is dual to a finite energy pure state in a two-dimensional CFT. We show that if one includes the timelike counterterms inspired by holographic renormalization as well as the Gibbons-Hawking-York term on the timelike boundary…
We study the scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational perturbations of planar AdS$_4$ black holes with NUT charge. In the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence, these solutions describe a thermal quantum field theory embedded in a Gödel-type universe with closed time-like curves. For a given temperature and NUT charge, two different planar Taub-NUT solutions exist, but we show that only the one with a positive specific heat contributes to the Euclidean saddle point in the path integral. By using the Newman-Penrose formalism, we then derive the master equations satisfied by scalar, electromagn…
We investigate the quasinormal spectrum of electromagnetic perturbations of rotating black strings. Among the solutions of Einstein equations in the presence of a negative cosmological constant there are asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes whose horizons have the topology of a cylinder. The stationary version of these AdS black holes represents rotating black strings. The conformal field theory (CFT) dual of a black string lives in a Minkowski space with a compact dimension. On the basis of the AdS/CFT duality, we interpret a CFT plasma moving with respect to the preferred rest fra…
We survey recent results on the exact dyon spectrum in a class of N=4 supersymmetric string theories, and discuss how the results can be understood from the macroscopic viewpoint using AdS_2/CFT_1 correspondence. The comparison between the microscopic and the macroscopic results includes power suppressed corrections to the entropy, the sign of the index, logarithmic corrections and also the twisted index measuring the distribution of discrete quantum numbers among the microstates.
We revisit the holographic calculation of the decay modes of the BTZ blackhole perturbed by a scalar probe. We carry out a finite temperature expansion of the torus two point function of large central charge $(c)$ CFTs in order to obtain the corrections to blackhole quasinormal modes. We take the contribution of the lightest primary above the vacuum, with dimension $Δ_χ$ and upper bound of $c/6$, in the torus two point function. We exploit the modular properties of 2D CFT on the torus to connect the expression of thermal two point function at high temperature with the same at low temperature. …
We give explicit expressions for the finite frequency greybody factor, quasinormal modes and Love numbers of Kerr black holes by computing the exact connection coefficients of the radial and angular parts of the Teukolsky equation. This is obtained by solving the connection problem of the confluent Heun equation in terms of the explicit expression of irregular Virasoro conformal blocks as sums over partitions via the AGT correspondence. In the relevant approximation limits our results are in agreement with existing literature. The method we use can be extended to solve the linearized Einstein …
We derive a quantization formula of Bohr-Sommerfeld type for computing quasinormal frequencies for scalar perturbations in an AdS black hole in the limit of large scalar mass or spatial momentum. We then apply the formula to find poles in retarded Green functions of boundary CFTs on $R^{1,d-1}$ and $RxS^{d-1}$. We find that when the boundary theory is perturbed by an operator of dimension $Δ>> 1$, the relaxation time back to equilibrium is given at zero momentum by ${1 \over ΔπT} << {1 \over πT}$. Turning on a large spatial momentum can significantly increase it. For a generic scalar operator …
Attempts to find black hole microstates using the Hamiltonian phase space approach have been made on the Schwarzschild spacetime. Since the Schwarzschild spacetime is also in the larger family of the Kerr spacetimes, and both are asymptotically flat, the Kerr black hole is a good option for the method development. The Kerr black hole is a spinning one. We perform this analysis on the Kerr spacetime and we obtain promising results using the covariant phase space analysis. Although we have forced ourselves to use the Bondi fall-off conditions, we find the gauge degrees of freedom that could be g…
We consider 1/2-BPS states in AdS/CFT. Using the matrix model description of chiral primaries explicit mappings among configurations of fermions, giant gravitons and the dual-giant gravitons are obtained. These maps lead to a `duality' between the giant and the dual-giant configurations which is the reflection of particle-hole duality of the fermion picture. These dualities give rise to some interesting consequences which we study. We then calculate the degeneracy of 1/2-BPS states both from the CFT and string theory and show that they match. The asymptotic degeneracy grows exponentially with …
The D1-D5 system has an orbifold point in its moduli space, at which it may be described by an ${\cal N} = (4,4)$ supersymmetric sigma model with target space $M^N/S(N)$ where $M$ is $\mathbb{T}^4$ or $K3$. In this paper we consider correlation functions involving chiral operators constructed from twist fields: we find explicit expressions for processes involving a twist $n$ operator joining $n$ twist operators of arbitrary twist. These expressions are universal, in that they are independent of the choice of $M$, and the final results can be expressed in a compact form. We explain how these re…
We study the time evolution of Wightman two-point functions of scalar fields in AdS$_3$-Vaidya, a spacetime undergoing gravitational collapse. In the boundary field theory, the collapse corresponds to a quench process where the dual 1+1 dimensional CFT is taken out of equilibrium and subsequently thermalizes. From the two-point function, we extract an effective occupation number in the boundary theory and study how it approaches the thermal Bose-Einstein distribution. We find that the Wightman functions, as well as the effective occupation numbers, thermalize with a rate set by the lowest quas…
Typical black hole microstates in AdS/CFT were recently conjectured to have a geometrical dual with a smooth horizon and a portion of a second asymptotic region. I consider the application of the holographic complexity conjectures to this geometry. The holographic calculation leads to divergent values for the complexity; I argue that this classical divergence is consistent with expectations for typical microstates.
A certain identification of points in a planar Schwarzschild-anti de Sitter (AdS) black hole generates a four-dimensional static black string. In turn, a rotating black string can be obtained from a static one by means of an `illegitimate coordinate transformation', a local boost in the compact direction. On the basis of the gauge/gravity duality, these black strings are dual to rotating thermal states of a strongly interacting conformal field theory (CFT) that lives on a cylinder. In this work, we obtain the complete quasinormal mode (QNM) spectrum of the gravitational perturbations of rotati…
We obtain microstates accounting for the Gibbons-Hawking entropy in $dS_3$, along with a subleading logarithmic correction, from the solvable $T\bar T+Λ_2$ deformation of a seed CFT with sparse light spectrum. The microstates arise as the dressed CFT states near dimension $Δ=c/6$, associated with the Hawking-Page transition; they dominate the real spectrum of the deformed theory. We exhibit an analogue of the Hawking-Page transition in de Sitter. Appropriate generalizations of the $T\bar T+Λ_2$ deformation are required to treat model-dependent local bulk physics (subleading at large central ch…
We investigate the possibility that the geometry dual to a typical AdS black hole microstate corresponds to the extended AdS-Schwarzschild geometry, including a region spacelike to the exterior. We argue that this region can be described by the mirror operators, a set of state-dependent operators in the dual CFT. We probe the geometry of a typical state by considering state-dependent deformations of the CFT Hamiltonian, which have an interpretation as a one-sided analogue of the Gao-Jafferis-Wall traversable wormhole protocol for typical states. We argue that the validity of the conjectured bu…
We solve the wave equations of arbitrary integer spin fields in the BTZ black hole background and obtain exact expressions for their quasinormal modes. We show that these quasinormal modes precisely agree with the location of the poles of the corresponding two point function in the dual conformal field theory as predicted by the AdS/CFT correspondence. We then use these quasinormal modes to construct the one-loop determinant of the higher spin field in the thermal BTZ background. This is shown to agree with that obtained from the corresponding heat kernel constructed recently by group theoreti…
We construct an infinite family of asymptotically flat 3-charge solutions carrying D1, D5 and momentum charges. Generically the solutions also carry two angular momenta. The geometries describe the spectral flow of all the ground states of the D1-D5 CFT. The family is parametrized by four functions describing the embedding of a closed curve in R^4 and an integer n labelling the spectral flow on the left sector. After giving the general prescription for spectral flowing any of the ground states, we give an explicit example of the construction. We identify the asymptotic charges of the resulting…
The fuzzball proposal says that the information of the black hole state is distributed throughout the interior of the horizon in a `quantum fuzz'. There are special microstates where in the dual CFT we have `many excitations in the same state'; these are described by regular classical geometries without horizons. Jejjala et.al constructed non-extremal regular geometries of this type. Cardoso et. al then found that these geometries had a classical instability. In this paper we show that the energy radiated through the unstable modes is exactly the Hawking radiation for these microstates. We do …
Tidal effects in capped geometries computed in previous literature display no dynamics along internal (toroidal) directions. However, the dual CFT picture suggests otherwise. To resolve this tension, we consider a set of infalling null geodesics in a family of black hole microstate geometries with a smooth cap at the bottom of a long BTZ-like throat. Using the Penrose limit, we show that a string following one of these geodesics feels tidal stresses along all spatial directions, including internal toroidal directions. We find that the tidal effects along the internal directions are of the same…
We compute the quasi-normal frequencies of scalars in asymptotically-flat microstate geometries that have the same charge as a D1-D5-P black hole, but whose long BTZ-like throat ends in a smooth cap. In general the wave equation is not separable, but we find a class of geometries in which the non-separable term is negligible and we can compute the quasi-normal frequencies using WKB methods. We argue that our results are a universal property of all microstate geometries with deeply-capped BTZ throats. These throats generate large redshifts, which lead to exceptionally-low-energy states with ext…
Complex frequencies associated with quasinormal modes for large Reissner-Nordstr$\ddot{o}$m Anti-de Sitter black holes have been computed. These frequencies have close relation to the black hole charge and do not linearly scale with the black hole temperature as in Schwarzschild Anti-de Sitter case. In terms of AdS/CFT correspondence, we found that the bigger the black hole charge is, the quicker for the approach to thermal equilibrium in the CFT. The properties of quasinormal modes for $l>0$ have also been studied.
We construct the first smooth, horizonless ``microstate geometries'' that have the same charges, dipole charges and angular momenta as a BPS black ring whose horizon is macroscopic. These solutions have exactly the same geometry as black rings, except that the usual infinite throat is smoothly capped off at a very large depth. If the solutions preserve a U(1)x U(1) isometry, then this depth is limited by flux quantization but if this symmetry is broken then the throat can be made arbitrarily deep by tuning classical, geometric moduli. Interpreting these ``abysses'' (smooth microstate geometrie…
Recently it was proposed that microscopic models of braneworld cosmology could be realized in the context of AdS/CFT using black hole microstates containing an end-of-the-world brane. Motivated by a desire to establish the microscopic existence of such microstates, which so far have been discussed primarily in bottom-up models, we have studied similar microstates in a simpler version of AdS/CFT. On one side, we define and study boundary states in the charged Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model and show that these states typically look thermal with a certain pattern of symmetry breaking. On the other side,…
Recent studies of asymptotic symmetries suggest, that a Hamiltonian phase space analysis in gravitational theories might be able to account for black hole microstates. In this context we explain, why the use of conventional Bondi fall-off conditions for the gravitational field is too restrictive in the presence of an event horizon. This implies an enhancement of physical degrees of freedom ($\mathcal{A}$-modes). They provide new gravitational hair and are responsible for black hole microstates. Using covariant phase space methods, for the example of a Schwarzschild black hole, we give a propos…
The AdS/CFT correspondence has developed over the last years into a very useful and powerful tool for studying strongly coupled field theories at finite temperature and density. Of particular interest is the regime of near equilibrium real time evolution that can be captured via linear response theory. The AdS/CFT correspondence allows the calculation of retarded two point functions of gauge invariant operators by studying fluctuations around asymptotically AdS black holes. A major role is played by the poles of these holographic response functions: the quasinormal frequencies. I will review t…
We construct a three-parameter family of non-extremal microstate geometries, or "microstrata," that are dual to states and deformations of the D1-D5 CFT. These families are non-extremal analogues of superstrata. We find these microstrata by using a Q-ball-inspired Ansatz that reduces the equations of motion to solving for eleven functions of one variable. We then solve this system both perturbatively and numerically and the results match extremely well. We find that the solutions have normal mode frequencies that depend upon the amplitudes of the excitations. We also show that, at higher order…
We propose that stretched horizons can be described in terms of a gas of non-interacting quasiparticles. The quasiparticles are unstable, with a lifetime set by the imaginary part of the lowest quasinormal mode frequency. If the horizon arises from an AdS/CFT style duality the quasiparticles are also the effective low-energy degrees of freedom of the finite-temperature CFT. We analyze a large class of models including Schwarzschild black holes, non-extremal Dp-branes, the rotating BTZ black hole and de Sitter space, and we comment on degenerate horizons. The quasiparticle description makes man…
Non-supersymmetric black hole microstates are of great interest in the context of the black hole information paradox. We identify the holographic description of the general class of non-supersymmetric orbifolded D1-D5-P supergravity solutions found by Jejjala, Madden, Ross and Titchener. This class includes both completely smooth solutions and solutions with conical defects, and in the near-decoupling limit these solutions describe degrees of freedom in the cap region. The CFT description involves a general class of states obtained by fractional spectral flow in both left-moving and right-movi…
We discuss the relation between bulk de Sitter three-dimensional spacetime and the corresponding conformal field theory at the boundary, in the framework of the exact quasinormal mode spectrum. We show that the quasinormal mode spectrum corresponds exactly to the spectrum of thermal excitations of Conformal Field Theory at the past boundary I^-, together with the spectrum of the Conformal Field Theory at the future boundary I^+.
We study holographic entanglement entropy and holographic complexity in a two-charge, $\frac{1}{4}$-BPS family of solutions of type IIB supergravity, controlled by one dimensionless parameter. All the geometries in this family are asymptotically AdS$_3 \times \mathbb{S}^3 \times \mathbb{T}^4$ and, varying the parameter that controls them, they interpolates between the global AdS$_3 \times \mathbb{S}^3 \times \mathbb{T}^4$ and the massless BTZ$_3 \times \mathbb{S}^3 \times \mathbb{T}^4$ geometry. Due to AdS/CFT duality, these geometries are dual to pure CFT heavy states. We find that there is n…
First-quantized propagation in quantum gravitational AdS$_3$ backgrounds can be exactly reconstructed using CFT$_2$ data and Virasoro symmetry. We develop methods to compute the bulk-to-boundary propagator in a black hole microstate, $\langle ϕ_L \mathcal{O}_L \mathcal{O}_H \mathcal{O}_H\rangle$, at finite central charge. As a first application, we show that the semiclassical theory on the Euclidean BTZ solution sharply disagrees with the exact description, as expected based on the resolution of forbidden thermal singularities, though this effect may appear exponentially small for physical obs…
We find the asymptotic formula for quasinormal mode frequencies omega_n of the Dirac equation in a Schwarzschild-AdS_D background in space-time dimension D > 3, in the large black-hole limit appropriate to many applications of the AdS/CFT correspondence. By asymptotic, we mean large overtone number n with everything else held fixed, and we find the O(n^0) correction to the known leading O(n) behavior of omega_n. The result has the schematic form omega_n =~ n Delta(omega) + A ln(n) + B, where Delta(omega) and A are constants and B depends logarithmically on the (D-2)-dimensional spatial momentu…
