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arXiv 1906.11280quant-phcond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.str-el
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量子多体系统中关联函数的时间演化

Time evolution of correlation functions in quantum many-body systems

Álvaro M. Alhambra, Jonathon Riddell, Luis Pedro García-Pintos

摘要:

我们给出了严格的分析结果的时间行为的两点关联函数-也被称为动态响应函数或格林函数-在封闭的多体量子系统。我们发现,在一个大类的衰减不变模型的关联函数因式分解在晚些时候$\langle A(t) B\rangle_β\rightarrow \langle A \rangle_β\langle B \rangle_β$,从而证明耗散出现的酉动力系统。我们还表明,对于具有通用频谱的系统,该后期值周围的波动受热系综纯度的限制,该热系综通常随系统大小呈指数衰减。对于自关联函数,我们提供了一个时间尺度上的上限,在这个时间尺度上,它们达到了因式分解的后期时间值。值得注意的是,这个界限只是局部期望值的函数,并且不随系统大小而增加。我们给出的数值例子表明,这个界是一个很好的估计在不可积模型,并认为,出现的时间尺度可以理解的一个新兴的波动耗散定理。我们的研究扩展到进一步类的两个点函数,如对称的和Kubo函数,出现在线性响应理论,我们给出类似的结果。

英文摘要:

We give rigorous analytical results on the temporal behavior of two-point correlation functions --also known as dynamical response functions or Green's functions-- in closed many-body quantum systems. We show that in a large class of translation-invariant models the correlation functions factorize at late times $\langle A(t) B\rangle_β\rightarrow \langle A \rangle_β\langle B \rangle_β$, thus proving that dissipation emerges out of the unitary dynamics of the system. We also show that for systems with a generic spectrum the fluctuations around this late-time value are bounded by the purity of the thermal ensemble, which generally decays exponentially with system size. For auto-correlation functions we provide an upper bound on the timescale at which they reach the factorized late time value. Remarkably, this bound is only a function of local expectation values, and does not increase with system size. We give numerical examples that show that this bound is a good estimate in non-integrable models, and argue that the timescale that appears can be understood in terms of an emergent fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Our study extends to further classes of two point functions such as the symmetrized ones and the Kubo function that appears in linear response theory, for which we give analogous results.

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