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arXiv 1902.05030math.GT
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关于三维球面中的闭定向曲面

On closed oriented surfaces in the 3-sphere

Giovanni Bellettini, Maurizio Paolini, Yi-Sheng Wang

摘要:

本文研究定向连通闭曲面在$\mathbb S^3$中的嵌入问题。我们定义了一个完整的不变量,基本跨度,这样的嵌入,推广的概念的外围系统的纽结群。从基本跨度,几个可计算的不变量推导和研究的单体结,双纽结曲面,和手征的结。这些不变量能够区分具有同胚补的不等价双纽结曲面和双纽结曲面。特别是,我们得到了另一种证明石井等人的不等价性。的双纽结$5_{1}$和$6_{4}$,并构造了一类具有同胚补的不等价双纽结曲面对的无限族.福克斯的不变量的基本跨度方面的解释进行了讨论,并用于显示$9_{42}$和$10_{71}$在罗尔夫森结表是手性的,他们的手征性是已知的琼斯和HOMFLY-PT多项式检测不到。

英文摘要:

In this paper we study embeddings of oriented connected closed surfaces in $\mathbb S^3$. We define a complete invariant, the fundamental span, for such embeddings, generalizing the notion of the peripheral system of a knot group. From the fundamental span, several computable invariants are derived and employed to study handlebody knots, bi-knotted surfaces, and chirality of knots. These invariants are capable to distinguish inequivalent handlebody knots and bi-knotted surfaces with homeomorphic complements. Particularly, we obtain an alternative proof of the inequivalence of Ishii et al.'s handlebody knots $5_{1}$ and $6_{4}$, and also construct an infinite family of pairs of inequivalent bi-knotted surfaces with homeomorphic complements. An interpretation of Fox's invariant in terms of the fundamental span is discussed and used to show $9_{42}$ and $10_{71}$ in the Rolfsen knot table are chiral; their chirality is known to be undetectable by the Jones and HOMFLY-PT polynomials.

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