We consider the diffusive Hamilton-Jacobi equation $u_t - Δu = |\nabla u|^p$ in a bounded planar domain with zero Dirichlet boundary condition. It is known that, for $p>2$, the solutions to this problem can exhibit gradient blow-up (GBU) at the boundary. In this paper we study the possibility of the GBU set being reduced to a single point. In a previous work [Y.-X. Li, Ph. Souplet, 2009], it was shown that single point GBU solutions can be constructed in very particular domains, i.e.~locally flat domains and disks. Here, we prove the existence of single point GBU solutions in a large class of domains, for which the curvature of the boundary may be nonconstant near the GBU point.
Our strategy is to use a boundary-fitted curvilinear coordinate system, combined with suitable auxiliary functions and appropriate monotonicity properties of the solution. The derivation and analysis of the parabolic equations satisfied by the auxiliary functions necessitate long and technical calculations involving boundary-fitted coordinates.
We consider the diffusive Hamilton-Jacobi equation $$u_t-Δu=|\nabla u|^p,$$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions in two space dimensions, which arises in the KPZ model of growing interfaces. For $p>2$, solutions may develop gradient singularities on the boundary in finite time, and examples of single-point gradient blowup on the boundary are known, but the space-profile in the tangential direction has remained a completely open problem. In the parameter range $2<p\le 3$, for the case of a flat boundary and an isolated singularity at the origin, we give an answer to this question, obtaining the p…
The nonexistence of global in time solutions is studied for a class of aggregation equations involving Lévy diffusion operators and general interaction kernels.
Consider the diffusive Hamilton-Jacobi equation $$u_t-Δu=|\nabla u|^p+h(x)\ \ \text{ in } Ω\times(0,T)$$ with Dirichlet conditions, which arises in stochastic control problems as well as in KPZ type models. We study the question of the gradient blowup rate for classical solutions with $p>2$. We first consider the case of time-increasing solutions. For such solutions, the precise rate was obtained by Guo and Hu (2008) in one space dimension, but the higher dimensional case has remained an open question (except for radially symmetric solutions in a ball). Here, we partially answer this question …
This paper is concerned with weak solutions of the degenerate viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equation $$\partial_t u-Δ_p u=|\nabla u|^q,$$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions in a bounded domain $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^N$, where $p>2$ and $q>p-1$. With the goal of studying the gradient blow-up phenomenon for this problem, we first establish local well-posedness with blow-up alternative in $W^{1, \infty}$ norm. We then obtain a precise gradient estimate involving the distance to the boundary. It shows in particular that the gradient blow-up can take place only on the boundary. A regularizing effect for $u_…
Convergence to a single steady state is shown for non-negative and radially symmetric solutions to a diffusive Hamilton-Jacobi equation with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, the diffusion being the $p$-Laplacian operator, $p\ge 2$, and the source term a power of the norm of the gradient of $u$. As a first step, the radially symmetric and non-increasing stationary solutions are characterized.
The convergence to non-diffusive self-similar solutions is investigated for non-negative solutions to the Cauchy problem $\partial_t u = Δ_p u + |\nabla u|^q$ when the initial data converge to zero at infinity. Sufficient conditions on the exponents $p>2$ and $q>1$ are given that guarantee that the diffusion becomes negligible for large times and the $L^\infty$-norm of $u(t)$ converges to a positive value as $t\to\infty$.
Sharp temporal decay estimates are established for the gradient and time derivative of solutions to a viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equation as well the associated Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Special care is given to the dependence of the estimates on the viscosity. The initial condition being only continuous and either bounded or non-negative. The main requirement on the Hamiltonians is that it grows superlinearly or sublinearly at infinity, including in particular H(r) = r^p for r non-negatif and p positif and different from 1.
We study the initial-boundary value problem for the Hamilton-Jacobi equation with nonlinear diffusion $u_t=Δ_p u+|\nabla u|^q$ in a two-dimensional domain for $q>p>2$. It is known that the spatial derivative of solutions may become unbounded in finite time while the solutions themselves remain bounded. We show that, for suitably localized and monotone initial data, the gradient blow-up occurs at a single point of the boundary. Such a result was known up to now only in the case of linear diffusion ($p=2$). The analysis in the case $p>2$ is considerably more delicate.
In this paper we establish local-in-time existence and uniqueness of strong solutions in $H^s$ for $s > \frac{n}{2}$ to the viscous, zero thermal-diffusive Boussinesq equations in $\mathbb{R}^n , n = 2,3$. Beale-Kato-Majda type blow-up criterion has been established in three-dimensions with respect to the $BMO$-norm of the vorticity. We further prove the local-in-time existence and blow-up criterion for non-viscous and fully ideal Boussinesq systems. Commutator estimates due to Kato and Ponce (1988) \cite {KP} and Fefferman et. al. (2014) \cite {Fe} play important roles in the calculations.
Blow-up solutions to the two-dimensional Gel'fand problem are studied. It is known that the location of the blow-up points of these solutions is related to a Hamiltonian function involving the Green function of the domain. We show that this implies an equivalence between the Morse indices of the solutions and the associated critical points of the Hamiltonian.
In historical mathematics and physics, the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation or a quasilinear stationary version of a time-dependent viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equation in growing interface and universality classes, is also known by the different name as the quasilinear Riccati type equation. The existence of solutions to this type of equation under some assumptions and requirements, still remains an interesting open problem at the moment. In our previous studies \cite{MP2018, MPT2019}, we obtained the global bounds and gradient estimates for quasilinear elliptic equations with measure data. There hav…
We investigate classical solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations with two classes of dynamical boundary conditions, of reactive and reactive-diffusive type. In the latter case it is shown that well-posedness is to a large extent independent of the coupling with the elliptic equation. For both types of boundary conditions we consider blow-up, global existence, global attractors and convergence to single equilibria.
We study the qualitative properties of the unique global viscosity solution of the superquadratic diffusive Hamilton-Jacobi equation with (generalized) homogeneous Dirichlet conditions. We are interested in the phenomena of gradient blow-up (GBU), loss of boundary conditions (LBC), recovery of boundary conditions and eventual regularization, and in their mutual connections. In any space dimension, we establish the sharp minimal rate of GBU. Only partial results were previously known except in one space dimension. We also obtain the corresponding minimal regularization rate. In one space dimens…
A classification of the behavior of the solutions $f(\cdot,a)$ to the ordinary differential equation $(|f'|^{p-2} f')' + f - |f'|^{p-1} = 0$ in $(0,\infty)$ with initial condition $f(0,a)=a$ and $f'(0,a)=0$ is provided, according to the value of the parameter $a>0$, the exponent $p$ ranging in $(1,2)$. There is a threshold value $a_*$ which separates different behaviors of $f(\cdot,a)$: if $a>a_*$ then $f(\cdot,a)$ vanishes at least once in $(0,\infty)$ and takes negative values while $f(\cdot,a)$ is positive in $(0,\infty)$ and decays algebraically to zero as $r\to\infty$ if $a\in (0,a_*)$. A…
We study whether the solutions of a parabolic equation with diffusion given by the fractional Laplacian and a dominating gradient term satisfy Dirichlet boundary data in the classical sense or in the generalized sense of viscosity solutions. The Dirichlet problem is well posed globally in time when boundary data is assumed to be satisfied in the latter sense. Thus, our main results are \emph{a)} the existence of solutions which satisfy the boundary data in the classical sense for a small time, for all Hölder-continuous initial data, with Hölder exponent above a critical a value, and \emph{b)} …
In this article, we are interested in the Dirichlet problem for parabolic viscous Hamilton-Jacobi Equations. It is well-known that the gradient of the solution may blow up in finite time on the boundary of the domain, preventing a classical extension of the solution past this singularity. This behavior comes from the fact that one cannot prescribe the Dirichlet boundary condition for all time and, in order to define a solution globally in time, one has to use "generalized boundary conditions" in the sense of viscosity solution. In this work, we treat the case when the diffusion operator is the…
The behavior near the extinction time is identified for non-negative solutions to the diffusive Hamilton-Jacobi equation with critical gradient absorption $\partial_t u - Δ_p u + |\nabla u|^{p-1} = 0$ in $(0, \infty) \times \mathbb{R}^N$, and fast diffusion $2N/(N + 1) < p < 2$. Given a non-negative and radially symmetric initial condition with a non-increasing profile which decays sufficiently fast as $|x| \to \infty$, it is shown that the corresponding solution $u$ to the above equation approaches a uniquely determined separate variable solution of the form $U(t, x) = (T_e - t)^{1/(2-p)} f_*…
We study the existence of large solutions for nonlocal Dirichlet problems posed on a bounded, smooth domain, associated to fully nonlinear elliptic equations of order $2s$, with $s\in (1/2,1)$, and a coercive gradient term with subcritical power $0<p<2s$. Due to the nonlocal nature of the diffusion, new blow-up phenomena arise within the range $0<p<2s$, involving a continuum family of solutions and/or solutions blowing-up to $-\infty$ on the boundary. This is in striking difference with the local case studied by Lasry-Lions for the case subquadratic case $1<p<2$.
We study the large-time behaviour of the solutions $u$ of the evolution equation involving nonlinear diffusion and gradient absorption $\partial_t u - Δ_p u + |\nabla u|^q=0$. We consider the problem posed for $x\in {\mathbb R}^N $ and $t>0$ with non-negative and compactly supported initial data. We take the exponent $p>2$ which corresponds to slow $p$-Laplacian diffusion, and the exponent $q$ in the superlinear range $1<q<p-1$. In this range the influence of the Hamilton-Jacobi term $ |\nabla u|^q$ is determinant, and gives rise to the phenomenon of localization. The large time behaviour is d…
In this paper, we provide a complete blow-up picture for solution sequences to an elliptic sinh-Poisson equation with variable intensities arising in the context of the statistical mechanics description of two-dimensional turbulence, as initiated by Onsager. The vortex intensities are described in terms of a probability measure defined on the interval. Under Dirichlet boundary conditions we establish the exclusion of boundary blowup points, we show that the concentration mass does not have residual L1-terms and we determine the location of blowup points in terms of Kirchhoff's Hamiltonian. We …
In this paper we consider the Dirichlet problem \begin{equation} \label{iniz} \begin{cases} -Δu = ρ^2 (e^{u} - e^{-u}) & \text{ in } Ω\\ u=0 & \text{ on } \partial Ω, \end{cases} \end{equation} where $ρ$ is a small parameter and $Ω$ is a $C^2$ bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^2$. [1] proves the existence of a $m$-point blow-up solution $u_ρ$ jointly with its asymptotic behaviour. we compute the Morse index of $u_ρ$ in terms of the Morse index of the associated Hamilton function of this problem. In addition, we give an asymptotic estimate for the first $4m$ eigenvalues and eigenfunctions.
The blow-up rates of derivatives of the curvature function will be presented when the closed curves contract to a point in finite time under the general curve shortening flow. In particular, this generalizes a theorem of M.E. Gage and R.S. Hamilton about mean curvature flow in $\mathbb{R}^{2}$.
The generalized Korteweg-de Vries equations are a class of Hamiltonian systems in infinite dimension derived from the KdV equation where the quadratic term is replaced by a higher order power term. These equations have two conservation laws in the energy space H^1(L^2 norm and energy). We consider in this paper the {\it critical} generalized KdV equation, which corresponds to the smallest power of the nonlinearity such that the two conservation laws do not imply a bound in H^1 uniform in time for all H^1 solutions (and thus global existence). From [15], there do exist for this equation solutio…
We consider the following Hamiltonian equation on a special manifold of rational functions, \[i\p\_tu=Π(|u|^2u)+\al (u|1),\ \al\in\R,\] where $Π$ denotes the Szegő projector on the Hardy space of the circle $\SS^1$. The equation with $\al=0$ was first introduced by G{é}rard and Grellier in \cite{GG1} as a toy model for totally non dispersive evolution equations. We establish the following properties for this equation. For $\al\textless{}0$, any compact subset of initial data leads to a relatively compact subset of trajectories. For $\al\textgreater{}0$, there exist trajectories on which high S…
We present qualitative and quantitative homogenization results for pathwise Hamilton-Jacobi equations with "rough" multiplicative driving signals. When there is only one such signal and the Hamiltonian is convex, we show that the equation, as well as equations with smooth approximating paths, homogenize. In the multi-signal setting, we demonstrate that blow-up or homogenization may take place. The paper also includes a new well-posedness result, which gives explicit estimates for the continuity of the solution map and the equicontinuity of solutions in the spatial variable.
Consideration here is a generalized $μ$-type integrable equation, which can be regarded as a generalization to both the $μ$-Camassa-Holm and modified $μ$-Camassa-Holm equations. It is shown that the proposed equation is formally integrable with the Lax-pair and the bi-Hamiltonian structure and its scale limit is an integrable model of hydrodynamical systems describing short capillary-gravity waves. Local well-posedness of the Cauchy problem in the suitable Sobolev space is established by the viscosity method. Existence of peaked traveling-wave solutions and formation of singularities of soluti…
In atmospheric science, slice models are frequently used to study the behaviour of weather, and specifically the formation of atmospheric fronts, whose prediction is fundamental in meteorology. In 2013, Cotter and Holm introduced a new slice model, which they formulated using Hamilton's variational principle, modified for this purpose. In this paper, we show the local existence and uniqueness of strong solutions of the related ISM (Incompressible Slice Model). The ISM is a modified version of the Cotter-Holm Slice Model (CHSM) that we have obtained by adapting the Lagrangian function in Hamilt…
Subdiffusive motion takes place at a much slower timescale than diffusive motion. As a preliminary step to studying reaction-subdiffusion pulled fronts, we consider here the hyperbolic limit $(t,x) \to (t/\varepsilon, x/\varepsilon)$ of an age-structured equation describing the subdiffusive motion of, e.g., some protein inside a biological cell. Solutions of the rescaled equations are known to satisfy a Hamilton-Jacobi equation in the formal limit $\varepsilon \to 0$. In this work we derive uniform Lipschitz estimates, and establish the convergence towards the viscosity solution of the limitin…
In this article, we give an in-depth analysis of the problem of optimising the total population size for a standard logistic-diffusive model. This optimisation problem stems from the study of spatial ecology and amounts to the following question: assuming a species evolves in a domain, what is the best way to spread resources in order to ensure a maximal population size at equilibrium? {In recent years, many authors contributed to this topic.} We settle here the proof of two fundamental properties of optimisers: the bang-bang one which had so far only been proved under several strong assumptio…
We are concerned with the well-posedness of Neumann boundary value problems for nonlocal Hamilton-Jacobi equations related to jump processes in general smooth domains. We consider a nonlocal diffusive term of censored type of order less than 1 and Hamiltonians both in coercive form and in noncoercive Bellman form, whose growth in the gradient make them the leading term in the equation. We prove a comparison principle for bounded sub-and supersolutions in the context of viscosity solutions with generalized boundary conditions, and consequently by Perron's method we get the existence and uniquen…
In this work, we study the orbital stability of steady states and the existence of blow-up self-similar solutions to the so-called Vlasov-Manev (VM) system. This system is a kinetic model which has a similar Vlasov structure as the classical Vlasov-Poisson system, but is coupled to a potential in $-1/r- 1/r^2$ (Manev potential) instead of the usual gravitational potential in $-1/r$, and in particular the potential field does not satisfy a Poisson equation but a fractional-Laplacian equation. We first prove the orbital stability of the ground states type solutions which are constructed as minim…
We consider the Gross-Pitaevskii equation describing an attractive Bose gas trapped to a quasi 2D layer by means of a purely harmonic potential, and which rotates at a fixed speed of rotation $Ω$. First we study the behavior of the ground state when the coupling constant approaches $a\_*$ , the critical strength of the cubic nonlinearity for the focusing nonlinear Schr{ö}dinger equation. We prove that blow-up always happens at the center of the trap, with the blow-up profile given by the Gagliardo-Nirenberg solution. In particular, the blow-up scenario is independent of $Ω$, to leading order. …
Nonlinear and nonlinear evolution equations of the form $u_t=Łu \pm|\nabla u|^q$, where $Ł$ is a pseudodifferential operator representing the infinitesimal generator of a Lévy stochastic process, have been derived as models for growing interfaces in the case when the continuous Brownian diffusion surface transport is augmented by a random hopping mechanism. The goal of this paper is to study properties of solutions to this equation resulting from the interplay between the strengths of the "diffusive" linear and "hyperbolic" nonlinear terms, posed in the whole space $\bbfR^N$, and supplemented …
Here we prove a global existence theorem for the solutions of the semi-linear wave equation with critical non-linearity admitting a positive definite Hamiltonian. Formulating a parametrix for the wave equation in a globally hyperbolic curved spacetime, we derive an apriori pointwise bound for the solution of the nonlinear wave equation in terms of the initial energy, from which the global existence follows in a straightforward way. This is accomplished in two steps. First, based on Moncrief's light cone formulation we derive an expression for the scalar field in terms of integrals over the pas…
We study the focusing stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation in 1D in the $L^2$-critical and supercritical cases with an additive or multiplicative perturbation driven by space-time white noise. Unlike the deterministic case, the Hamiltonian (or energy) is not conserved in the stochastic setting, nor is the mass (or the $L^2$-norm) conserved in the additive case. Therefore, we investigate the time evolution of these quantities. After that we study the influence of noise on the global behavior of solutions. In particular, we show that the noise may induce blow-up, thus, ceasing the global ex…
In this paper we derive the equations characterizing the boundary layer which describes the transition of the distribution function of a gas of weakly interacting bosons to the distribution function of the gas in the presence of a Bose-Einstein condensate. To this end, we first rederive the classical Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation taking as a starting point the dynamics of a system of many weakly interacting quantum particles. The solutions of the Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation yield blow-up in finite time. Near the blow-up time the approximations used to derive the Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation break do…
We study the focusing stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation in one spatial dimension with multiplicative noise, driven by a Wiener process white in time and colored in space, in the $L^2$-critical and supercritical cases. The mass ($L^2$-norm) is conserved due to the multiplicative noise defined via the Stratonovich integral, the energy (Hamiltonian) is not preserved. We first investigate how the energy is affected by various spatially correlated random perturbations. We then study the influence of the noise on the global dynamics measuring the probability of blow-up versus scattering beha…
