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arXiv 1902.02423cond-mat.softcond-mat.stat-mech
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游泳的稳定性:通过主动掺杂的结构和动力学控制

Swimming to Stability: Structural and Dynamical Control via Active Doping

Ahmad K. Omar, Yanze Wu, Zhen-Gang Wang, John F. Brady

摘要:

外场可以决定性地改变软材料的自由能景观,并且可以被利用作为组装目标纳米结构和胶体材料的强大工具。在这里,我们使用计算机模拟来证明非平衡内部场或力-由系统内的驱动组件产生的力-以活性粒子的形式可以精确地调节模型软材料(胶体凝胶)的动态自由能景观。在凝胶内嵌入一小部分活性颗粒可以为动态受抑网络提供独特的途径,以绕过与仅通过热波动达到较低自由能状态相关的动力学障碍。此外,通过与凝胶的性质相比仔细地调节活性颗粒性质(推进游泳力和持续长度),活性颗粒可以在凝胶的组成颗粒之间诱导类似耗尽的力,尽管颗粒之间没有几何尺寸不对称性。这些合力可以迅速地将系统推向相空间的不同区域。有趣的是,材料的状态可以通过调节宏观传输特性(如溶剂粘度)来改变。我们的研究结果突出了潜在的广泛的结构和动力学控制促进了不同的动力学特性的一个显着的小部分驱动嵌入在主机材料的粒子。

英文摘要:

External fields can decidedly alter the free energy landscape of soft materials and can be exploited as a powerful tool for the assembly of targeted nanostructures and colloidal materials. Here, we use computer simulations to demonstrate that nonequilibrium internal fields or forces -- forces that are generated by driven components within a system -- in the form of active particles can precisely modulate the dynamical free energy landscape of a model soft material, a colloidal gel. Embedding a small fraction of active particles within a gel can provide a unique pathway for the dynamically frustrated network to circumvent the kinetic barriers associated with reaching a lower free energy state through thermal fluctuations alone. Moreover, by carefully tuning the active particle properties (the propulsive swim force and persistence length) in comparison to those of the gel, the active particles may induce depletion-like forces between the constituent particles of the gel despite there being no geometric size asymmetry between the particles. These resulting forces can rapidly push the system toward disparate regions of phase space. Intriguingly, the state of the material can be altered by tuning macroscopic transport properties such as the solvent viscosity. Our findings highlight the potential wide-ranging structural and kinetic control facilitated by varying the dynamical properties of a remarkably small fraction of driven particles embedded in a host material.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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