自推进颗粒在复杂介质中的扩散
Diffusion of self-propelled particles in complex media
摘要：
在复杂环境中，活跃的微生物的扩散在从细胞集落生长到单个生物体运输的广泛生物现象中起着重要作用。在这里，我们研究理论和计算的扩散的自推进粒子（生物体）嵌入在一个复杂的介质包括一个集合的非能动的固体颗粒，模仿土壤或其他细胞。在这样的条件下，我们发现，游泳方向的旋转弛豫时间取决于游泳速度，并大大减少相比，纯牛顿流体。这导致自推进颗粒的有效旋转扩散系数急剧增加（几个数量级），这可能导致活性颗粒在这种复杂介质中的“自捕获”。提出了一个分析模型，定量捕捉的计算结果。我们的工作揭示了环境在活性系统的行为中所起的作用，并且可以以简单的方式进行推广，以了解异质环境中的其他合成和生物活性系统。
英文摘要：
The diffusion of active microscopic organisms in complex environments plays an important role in a wide range of biological phenomena from cell colony growth to single organism transport. Here, we investigate theoretically and computationally the diffusion of a self-propelled particle (the organism) embedded in a complex medium comprised of a collection of non-motile solid particles that mimic soil or other cells. Under such conditions we find that the rotational relaxation time of the swimming direction depends on the swimming velocity and is drastically reduced compared to a pure Newtonian fluid. This leads to a dramatic increase (of several orders of magnitude) in the effective rotational diffusion coefficient of the self-propelled particles, which can lead to "self-trapping" of the active particles in such complex media. An analytical model is put forward that quantitatively captures the computational results. Our work sheds light on the role that the environment plays in the behavior of active systems and can be generalized in a straightforward fashion to understand other synthetic and biological active systems in heterogenous environments.
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