In 2000, Giorgi Dvali, Gregory Gabadadze and Massimo Porrati (Dvali et al. 2000) was proposed a new braneworld model named as DGP model, having two branches with $(ε=+1)$ and $(ε=-1)$. Former one $(~ε=+1)$ known as the accelerating branch, i.e. accelerating phase of the universe can be explained without adding cosmological constant or Dark energy, whereas later one represents the decelerating branch. Here we have investigated the behavior of decelerating branch $(i.e.~ε=-1)$ of DGP model with Generalized Ghost Dark Energy (GGDE). Aim of our study to find a stable solution of the universe in DGP model. To find a stable solution we have studied the behavior of different cosmological parameters such as Hubble parameter, equation of state (EoS) parameter and deceleration parameter with respect to scale factor. Then we have analysed the $ω_{D}-\acute{ω_{D}}$ to confirm no freezing region of our present study and point out thawing region. Furthermore we have checked the gradient of stability by calculating the squared sound speed. Then we extend our study to check the viability of this model under investigation through the analysis of statefinder diagnosis parameters for the present cosmological setup.
We investigate the ghost model of dark energy in the framework of DGP braneworld. We explore the cosmological consequences of this model by determining the equation of state parameter, $ω_D$, the deceleration and the density parameters. We also examine the stability of this model by studying the squared of the sound speed in the presence/absence of interaction term between dark energy and dark matter. We find out that in the absence of interaction between two dark sectors of the Universe we have $ω_D\rightarrow -1$ in the late time, while in the presence of interaction $ω_D$ can cross the phan…
It is shown by an explicit calculation that the excitations about the self-accelerating cosmological solution of the Dvali--Gabadaze--Porrati model contain a ghost mode. This raises serious doubts about viability of this solution. Our analysis reveals the similarity between the quadratic theory for the perturbations around the self-accelerating Universe and an Abelian gauge model with two Stueckelberg fields.
The Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati brane-world model provides a possible approach to address the late-time cosmic acceleration. However, it has subsequently been pointed out that a ghost instability will arise on the self-accelerating branch. Here, we carefully investigate whether this ghost problem could be possibly cured by introducing the Gauss-Bonnet term in the five-dimensional bulk action, a natural generalization to the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model. Our analysis is carried out for a background where a de Sitter brane is embedded in an anti-de Sitter bulk. Our result shows that the ghost excit…
We consider cosmological dynamics of a canonical bulk scalar field, which is coupled non-minimally to 5-dimensional Ricci scalar in a DGP setup. We show that presence of this non-minimally coupled bulk scalar field affects the jump conditions of the original DGP model significantly. Within a superpotential approach, we perform some numerical analysis of the model parameter space and consider bulk-brane energy exchange in this setup. Also we show that the normal, ghost-free branch of the DGP solutions in this case has the potential to realize a self-consistent phantom-like behavior and therefor…
The self-accelerating universe realizes the accelerated expansion of the universe at late times by large-distance modification of general relativity without a cosmological constant. The Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) braneworld model provides an explicit example of the self-accelerating universe. Recently, the DGP model becomes very popular to study the observational consequences of the modified gravity models as an alternative to dark energy models in GR. However, it has been shown that the self-accelerating universe in the DGP model contains a ghost at the linearized level. The ghost carries …
In this paper, we investigate the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) in the DGP brane world when universe is filled with interacting two fluid system: one in the form of cold dark matter and other is holographic dark energy. The boundary of the universe is assumed to be enclosed by the dynamical apparent horizon or the event horizon. The universe is chosen to be homogeneous and isotropic FRW model and the validity of the first law has been assumed here.
This paper is aimed at investigating a 5D holographic dark energy in DGP-BRANE cosmology by employing a combination of Sne Ia, BAO and CMB observational data to fit the cosmological parameters in the model. We describe the dynamic of a FRW for the normal branch ($ε$ = +1) of solutions of the induced gravity brane-world model. We take the matter in 5D bulk as holographic dark energy that its holographic nature is reproduced effectively in 4D. The cosmic evolution reveals that the effective 4D holographic dark energy behaves as quintessence while taking into account the 4D cold dark matter resul…
We systematically explore the spectrum of gravitational perturbations in codimension-1 DGP braneworlds, and find a 4D ghost on the self-accelerating branch of solutions. The ghost appears for any value of the brane tension, although depending on the sign of the tension it is either the helicity-0 component of the lightest localized massive tensor of mass $0<m^2 < 2H^2$ for positive tension, the scalar `radion' for negative tension, or their admixture for vanishing tension. Because the ghost is gravitationally coupled to the brane-localized matter, the self-accelerating solutions are not a reli…
A proposal to study the original and new agegraphic dark energy in DGP braneworld cosmology is presented in this work. To verify our model with the observational data, the model is constrained by a variety of independent measurements such as Hubble parameter, cosmic microwave background anisotropies, and baryon acoustic oscillation peaks. The best fitting procedure shows the effectiveness of agegraphic parameter $n$ in distinguishing between the original and new agegraphic dark energy scenarios and subsequent cosmological findings. In particular, the result shows that in both scenarios, our un…
The aim of this work is to apply the dynamical system approach to study the linear dynamics of the normal DGP brane-world model with agegraphic dark energy. The stability analysis of the model will be investigated and the phase plane portrait will be illustrated. The nature of critical points will be analyzed by evaluating the eigenvalues of a linearized Jacobi matrix. Also, the statefinder diagnostic procedure will be applied to show the slight deviation from the ΛCDM model. One of the most interesting results of this work is the great alleviation of the coincidence problem.
The illustration of cosmic acceleration under two interacting dark energy models (pilgrim dark energy with Granda and Oliveros cutoff and its generalized ghost version) in DGP braneworld framework is presented. In the current scenario, the equation of state parameter, deceleration parameter, $ω_{D}-ω'_{D}$ plane and statefinder diagnosis are investigated. The equation state parameter behave-like phantom era of the universe. The deceleration parameter depicts the accelerated expansion of the universe in both models. The cosmological planes like $ω_{D}-ω'_{D}$ and statefinder corresponds to $Λ$C…
In this paper, we investigate the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics of the universe in the DGP brane world.The boundary of the universe is assumed to be enclosed by the dynamical apparent horizon or the event horizon. The universe is chosen to be homogeneous and isotropic and the validity of the first law has been assumed here. The matter in the universe is taken in the form of non-interacting two fluid system- one component is the holographic dark energy model and the other component is in the form of dust.
The energy density of the holographic dark energy is based on the area law of entropy, and thus any modification of the area law leads to a modified holographic energy density. Inspired by the entropy expression associated with the apparent horizon of a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) Universe in DGP braneworld, we propose a new model for the holographic dark energy in the framework of DGP brane cosmology. We investigate the cosmological consequences of this new model and calculate the equation of state parameter by choosing the Hubble radius, $L = H^{-1}$, as the system's IR cutoff. Our stud…
A proposal to study the effect of interaction in an agegraphic dark energy model in DGP brane-world cosmology is presented in this manuscript. After explaining the details, we proceed to apply the dynamical system approach to the model to analyze its stability. We first, constrain model parameters with a variety of independent observational data such as cosmic microwave background anisotropies, baryon acoustic oscillation peaks and observational Hubble data. Then, we obtain the critical points related to different cosmological epochs. In particular, we conclude that in the presence of interact…
The braneworld model proposed by Dvali, Gabadadze and Porrati leads to an accelerated universe without cosmological constant or other form of dark energy. Nevertheless, we have investigated the consequences of this model when an holo- graphic dark energy is included, taken the Hubble scale as IR cutoff. We have found that the holographic dark energy leads to an accelerated universe flat (de Sitter like expansion) for the two branch: {\ko} = \pm1 of the DGP model. Nevertheless, in universes with no null curvature the dark energy presents an EoS corresponding to a phantom fluid during the presen…
In this paper we consider a $Z_2$ symmetrical 3-brane embedded in a 5-dimensional spacetime. We study the effective Einstein equation and acceleration condition in presence of the quintom dark energy fluid as the bulk matter field. It is shown that the time-dependent bulk quintom field induces a time-dependent cosmological constant on the brane. In the framework of the DGP model, the effective Einstein equation is obtained in two different cases: i) where the quintom field is considered as the bulk matter field and the brane is empty and, ii) where the quintom dark energy is confined on the br…
Braneworld models with induced gravity have the potential to replace dark energy as the explanation for the current accelerating expansion of the Universe. The original model of Dvali, Gabadadze and Porrati (DGP) demonstrated the existence of a ``self--accelerating'' branch of background solutions, but suffered from the presence of ghosts. We present a new large class of braneworld models which generalize the DGP model. Our models have negative curvature in the bulk, allow a second brane, and have general brane tensions and localized curvature terms. We exhibit three different kinds of ghosts,…
We explore the cosmological aspects of interacting Tsallis holographic dark energy (THDE) in a $q$-modified DGP braneworld setup emerging from non-Gaussian statistical mechanics.To this end, three classes of superstatistics, that is, log-normal, inverse $χ^2$ and $χ^2$ superstatistics were incorporated into the model. We examined the implication of the three superstatistics on different cosmological parameters, namely, the dimensionless energy density and the equation-of-state (EoS) of THDE, along with the deceleration parameter and the squared speed of sound. As a result, we noted that the co…
We propose two improved parameterized form for the growth index of the linear matter perturbations: (I) $γ(z)=γ_0+(γ_{\infty}-γ_0){z\over z+1}$ and (II) $γ(z)=γ_0+γ_1 \frac{z}{z+1}+(γ_{\infty}-γ_1-γ_0)(\frac{z}{z+1})^α$. With these forms of $γ(z)$, we analyze the accuracy of the approximation the growth factor $f$ by $Ω^{γ(z)}_m$ for both the $ω$CDM model and the DGP model. For the first improved parameterized form, we find that the approximation accuracy is enhanced at the high redshifts for both kinds of models, but it is not at the low redshifts. For the second improved parameterized form, …
In the evolution of late universe, the main source of matter are Dark energy and Dark matter. They are indirectly detected only through their gravitational manifestations. So the possibility of interaction with each other without violating observational restrictions is not ruled out. With this motivation, we investigate the dynamics of DGP braneworld where source of dark energy is a scalar field and it interacts with matter source. Since observation favours phantom case more, we have also studied the dynamics of interacting phantom scalar field. In non interacting DGP braneworld there are no l…
In this paper, the cosmological dynamics of a modified holographic dark energy which is derived from the UV/IR duality by considering the black hole mass in higher dimensions as UV cutoff, is investigated in Dvali-Gabadaze-Porrati (DGP) brane world model. We choose Hubble horizon and future event horizon as IR cutoff respectively. And the two branches of the DGP model are both taken into account. When Hubble horizon is considered as IR cutoff, the modified holographic dark energy (HDE) behaves like an effect dark energy that modification of gravity in pure DGP brane world model acts and it can…
We investigate the effect of the bulk contents in the DGP braneworld on the evolution of the universe. We find that although the pure DGP model cannot accommodate the transition of the effective equation of state of dark energy, once the bulk matter T^5_5 is considered, the modified model can realize the w_{eff} crossing -1. However this transition of the equation of state cannot be realized by just considering bulk-brane energy exchange or the GB effect while the bulk matter contribution is not included. T^5_5 plays the major role in the modified DGP model to have the w crossing -1 behavior. …
We study dynamics of the equation of state parameter for a dark energy component non-minimally coupled to induced gravity on a warped DGP brane. We show that there are appropriate domains of the model parameters space that account for crossing of the phantom divide line. This crossing, which is possible for both branches of the scenario, depends explicitly on the values of the non-minimal coupling and warp factor. The effect of warp factor appears in the value of the redshift parameter at which phantom divide line crossing occurs.
Many dark energy (DE) models have been proposed, in recent years, to explain acceleration of the Universe expansion. It seems necessary to discriminate the various DE models in order to check the viability of each model. Statefinder diagnostic is a useful method which can differentiate various DE models. In this paper, we investigate the statefinder diagnosis parameters for the holographic dark energy (HDE) model in two cosmological setup. First, we study statefinder diagnosis for HDE in the context of flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) Universe in Einstein gravity. Then, we extend our stud…
We study the behaviour of weak gravitational fields in the 6D Cascading DGP model using a bulk-based approach. To deal with the ambiguity in the thin limit of branes of codimension higher than one, we consider a specific regularization of the internal structure of the branes where the 5D brane can be considered thin with respect to the 4D one. We consider the solutions corresponding to pure tension sources on the 4D brane, and study perturbations at first order around these background solutions. We adopt a 4D scalar-vector-tensor decomposition, and focus on the scalar sector of perturbations. …
Subject of our study it is the accelerated expansion of the large scale universe, where a varying ghost dark energy can take the role of the dark energy. The model of the varying ghost dark energy considered in this work it is a phenomenological modification of the ghost dark energy. Recently, three other phenomenological models of the varying ghost dark energy have been suggested and the model considered in this work will complete the logical chain of considered modifications. The best fit of theoretical results to the luminosity distance, has been used to obtain preliminary constraints on th…
In this paper, we point out thermodynamical description of ghost dark energy and its generalization to the early universe. Thereinafter, we find expressions for the entropy changes of these dark energy candidates. In addition, considering thermal fluctuations, thermodynamics of the dark energy component interacting with a dark matter sector is addressed. {We will also find the effects of considering the coincidence problem on the mutual interaction between the dark sectors, and thus the equation of state parameter of dark energy.} Finally, we derive a relation between the mutual interaction of…
Recently, some efforts focus on differentiating dark energy and modified gravity with the growth function $δ(z)$. In the literature, it is useful to parameterize the growth rate $f\equiv d\lnδ/d\ln a=Ω_m^γ$ with the growth index $γ$. In this note, we consider the general DGP model with any $Ω_k$. We confront the growth index of DGP model with currently available growth rate data and find that the DGP model is still consistent with it. This implies that more and better growth rate data are required to distinguish between dark energy and modified gravity.
We investigate interacting ghost dark energy models in higher dimensional cosmology. We attempt to model dark matter within a barotropic fluid with $P_{b}=ω(t)_{b}ρ$. In this work we consider four different models based on choosing equation of state parameter and interaction term. We confirm that our models agree with observational data.
We investigate the generalized Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) ghost model of dark energy in the framework of Einstein gravity. First, we study the non-interacting generalized ghost dark energy in a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) background. We obtain the equation of state parameter, $w_D=p/ρ$, the deceleration parameter, and the evolution equation of the generalized ghost dark energy. We find that, in this case, $w_D$ cannot cross the phantom line ($w_D>-1$) and eventually the universe approaches a de-Sitter phase of expansion $(w_D\rightarrow-1)$. Then, we extend the study to the interac…
By interacting ghost dark energy (ghost DE) in the framework of Brans-Dicke theory, a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type I Universe has been studied. For this purpose, we use the squared sound speed $c_s^2$ whose sign determines the stability of the model. As well as we probe observational constraints on the ghost dark energy models as the unification of dark matter and dark energy by using the latest observational data. In order to do so, we focus on observational determinations of the Hubble expansion rate (namely, the expansion history) $H(z)$. After that we evaluate the evo…
We consider the holographic dark energy (HDE) model in the framework of DGP braneworld with Granda-Oliveros infrared (IR) cutoff, $L=(α\dot{H}+βH^2)^{-1/2}$. With this choice for IR cutoff, we are able to derive evolution of the cosmological parameters such as the equation of state and the deceleration parameters, $w$ and $q$, as the functions of the redshift parameter $z$. As far as we know, most previous models of HDE presented in the literatures, do not gives analytically $ω=ω(z)$ and $q=q(z)$. We plot the evolution of these parameters versus $z$ and discuss that the results are compatible …
In this paper, we consider three different models of dark energy in higher dimensional space-time and discuss about some cosmological parameters numerically. The first model is a single component universe including viscous varying modified Chaplygin gas. In the second model, we consider two-component universe including viscous varying modified Chaplygin gas and ghost dark energy. In the third model, we consider another two-component universe including viscous modified cosmic Chaplygin gas and ghost dark energy. In the cases of two-component fluids we also consider possibility of interaction be…
Motivated by recent developments in Cosmology we would like to consider an extension of the Ghost DE which we will call as varying Ghost DE. Ghost DE like other models was introduced recently as a possible way to explain accelerated expansion of the Universe. For the phenomenological origin of the varying Ghost dark energy in our Universe we can suggest an existence of some unknown dynamics between the Ghost Dark energy and a fluid which evaporated completely making sense of the proposed effect. Moreover, we assume that this was in the epochs and scales which are unreachable by nowadays experi…
A new model of dark energy namely "ghost dark energy model" has recently been suggested to interpret the positive acceleration of cosmic expansion. The energy density of ghost dark energy is proportional to the hubble parameter. In this paper we perform the statefinder diagnostic tool for this model both in flat and non-flat universe. We discuss the dependency of the evolutionary trajectories in $s-r$ and $q-r$ planes on the interaction parameter between dark matter and dark energy as well as the spatial curvature parameter of the universe. Eventually, in the light of SNe+BAO+OHD+CMB observati…
We investigate the presence of instabilities in the Cascading DGP model. We start by discussing the problem of the cosmological late time acceleration, and we introduce the modified gravity approach. We then focus on brane induced gravity models and in particular on the Cascading DGP model. We consider configurations of the latter model where the source term is given simply by vacuum energy (pure tension), and we study perturbations at first order around these configurations. We perform a four-dimensional scalar-vector-tensor decomposition of the perturbations, and show that, regarding the sca…
In this paper, we investigate the cosmological consequences of ghost dark energy model in modified Gauss-Bonnet gravity. We construct ghost dark energy $f(G)$ model by using correspondence scenario for both interacting and non-interacting schemes. For this purpose, we consider the FRW universe with pressureless matter and power-law scale factor. We examine the behavior of the equation of state parameter and check the stability of ghost dark energy model through the squared speed of sound parameter. We also analyze the behavior of phase planes like $ω_{eff}-ω'_{eff}$ and $r-s$ graphically. It i…
It was argued that the vacuum energy of the Veneziano ghost field of QCD, in a time-dependent background, can be written in the general form, $H + O(H^2)$, where $H$ is the Hubble parameter. Based on this, a phenomenological dark energy model whose energy density is of the form $ρ=αH+βH^{2}$ was recently proposed to explain the dark energy dominated universe. In this paper, we investigate this generalized ghost dark energy model in the setup of Brans-Dicke cosmology. We study the cosmological implications of this model. In particular, we obtain the equation of state and the deceleration parame…
The proposal of pilgrim dark energy is based on the speculation that phantom-like dark energy possesses enough resistive force to preclude the black hole formation in the later universe. We explore this phenomenon by assuming the generalized ghost version of pilgrim dark energy. We find that most of the values of the interacting ($ξ^2$) as well as pilgrim dark energy ($u$) parameters push the equation of state parameter towards phantom region. The squared speed of sound shows that this model remains stable in most of the cases of $ξ^2$ and $u$. We also develop $ω_Λ-ω'_Λ$ plane and observe that…
We present an holographic brane-world model of the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) scenario with and without a Gauss-Bonnet term (GB) in the bulk. We show that an holographic dark energy component with the Ricci scale as the infra-red cutoff can describe the late-time acceleration of the universe. In addition, we show that the dimensionless holographic parameter is very important in characterising the DGP branches, and in determining the behaviour of the Ricci dark energy as well as the asymptotic behaviour of the brane. On the one hand, in the DGP scenario the Ricci dark energy will exhibit a p…
We study the stability of the ghost dark energy model versus perturbation. Since this kind of dark energy is instable in Einsteinian general relativity theory, then we study a new type of Brans-Dicke theory which has non-minimal coupling with matter which is called chameleon Brans-Dicke (CBD) model of gravity. Due to this coupling the equation of conservation energy is modified. For considering the stability of the model we use the adiabatic squared sound speed, $c_s^2$, whose sign of it determines the stability of the model in which for $c_s^2 >0 $ the model is stable and for $c_s^2 <0 $ the …
This work is based on pilgrim dark energy conjecture which states that phantom-like dark energy possesses the enough resistive force to preclude the formation of black hole. The non-flat geometry is considered which contains the interacting generalized ghost pilgrim dark energy with cold dark matter. Some well-known cosmological parameters (evolution parameter ($ω_Λ$) and squared speed of sound) and planes ($ω_Λ$-$ω_Λ'$ and statefinder) are constructed in this scenario. The discussion of these parameters is totally done through pilgrim dark energy parameter ($u$) and interacting parameter ($d^…
We study the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model by the method of the boundary effective action. The truncation of this action to the bending mode πconsistently describes physics in a wide range of regimes both at the classical and at the quantum level. The Vainshtein effect, which restores agreement with precise tests of general relativity, follows straightforwardly. We give a simple and general proof of stability, i.e. absence of ghosts in the fluctuations, valid for most of the relevant cases, like for instance the spherical source in asymptotically flat space. However we confirm that around cert…
We study the spectrum of gravitational perturbations about a vacuum de Sitter brane with the induced 4D Einstein-Hilbert term, in a 5D Minkowski spacetime (DGP model). We consider solutions that include a self-accelerating univese, where the accelerating expansion of the universe is realized without introducing a cosmological constant on the brane. The mass of the discrete mode for the spin-2 graviton is calculated for various $Hr_c$, where $H$ is the Hubble parameter and $r_c$ is the cross-over scale determined by the ratio between the 5D Newton constant and the 4D Newton constant. We show th…
The purpose of this paper is to study the Tsallis agegraphic dark energy with an interaction term between dark energy and dark matter in the DGP brane-world scenario. For this, we assume some initial conditions to obtain the dark energy density, deceleration, dark energy EoS, and total EoS parameters. Then, we analyze the statefinder parameters, $ω'{}_{DE}-ω_{DE}$ plots, and classical stability features of the model. The results state that the deceleration parameter provides the phase transition from decelerated to accelerated phase. The $ω_{DE}$ graphs show the phantom behavior, while the $ω_…
Regarding the Veneziano ghost of QCD and its generalized form, we consider a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe filled by a pressureless matter and a dark energy component interacting with each other through a mutual sign-changeable interaction of positive coupling constant. Our study shows that, at the late time, for the deceleration parameter we have $q\rightarrow-1$, while the equation of state parameter of the interacting ghost dark energy (GDE) does not cross the phantom line, namely $ω_D\geq-1$. We also extend our study to the generalized ghost dark energy (GGDE) model and show th…
We propose a phantom crossing Dvali--Gabadadze--Porrati (DGP) model. In our model, the effective equation of state of the DGP gravity crosses the phantom divide line. We demonstrate crossing of the phantom divide does not occur within the framework of the original DGP model or the DGP model developed by Dvali and Turner. By extending their model, we construct a model that realizes crossing of the phantom divide. DGP models can account for late-time acceleration of the universe without dark energy. Phantom Crossing DGP model is more compatible with recent observational data from Type Ia Superno…
We show that the strong self-interaction of the scalar polarization of a massive graviton can be understood in terms of the propagation of an extra ghost-like degree of freedom, thus relating strong coupling to the sixth degree of freedom discussed by Boulware and Deser in their Hamiltonian analysis of massive gravity. This enables one to understand the Vainshtein recovery of solutions of massless gravity as being due to the effect of the exchange of this ghost which gets frozen at distances larger than the Vainshtein radius. Inside this region, we can trust the two-field Lagrangian perturbati…
A phenomenological generalized ghost dark energy model has been studied under the framework of FRW universe. In ghost dark energy model the energy density depends linearly on Hubble parameter (H) but in this dark energy model, the energy density contains a the sub-leading term which is depends on $\mathcal{O} (H^2)$, so the energy density takes the form $ρ_D=αH+ βH^2$, where $α$ and $β$ are the constants. The solutions of the Friedman equation of our model leads to a stable universe. We have fitted our model with the present observational data including Stern data set. With the help of best fi…
We study the phase space asymptotics of the so called Veneziano ghost dark energy models. Models where the ghost field's energy density: i) $ρ_{ghost}\propto H$, and ii) $ρ_{ghost}\propto H+H^2$, are investigated. Both, cases with and without additional non-gravitational interaction between cold dark matter and ghost dark energy, are subject to scrutiny. We pay special attention to the choice of phase space variables leading to bounded and compact phase space so that no critical point of physical interest is missing. A rich asymptotic structure is revealed: depending on the kind of non-minimal…
We review a dynamical dark energy model scarcely studied in the literature and we introduce two possible generalizations. We discuss separately the behavior of the original model and a minimal extension of it by exploring some early and late times limits, we find that the cosmic components are related by their parameters state. In order to have access to the phantom regime we present two dark energy densities inspired from the holographic approach and from the emergent entropic forces model in the early universe. For the first case we obtain a Type III singularity and in the second proposal we…
Exploring the accelerated expansion of the universe, we investigate the generalized ghost dark energy (GGDE) model from the statefinder diagnosis analysis in a flat FRW universe. First we calculate the cosmological evolution and statefinder trajectories for non-interacting case and then extend this work by considering the interaction between dark matter and dark energy components. We show that in the non-interacting case the phantom line can not be crossed and also he evolutionary trajectories of model in $s-r$ plane can not be discriminated. It has been shown that the present location of mode…
