We define a number of related combinatorial objects, each of which possesses a surprising symmetry. We include several applications such as a combinatorial explanation for certain fixed points of the involution $ω$ on the ring of symmetric functions, as well as a relationship between certain skew Schur functions and skew $Q$-Schur functions. We give a $t$-deformation of these $Q$-Schur functions, and show that it is Schur positive, including a combinatorial description of the Schur coefficients. A corollary of our results is the equality of skew $Q$-Schur functions: $Q_{λ+δ/μ+ δ}=Q_{λ'+δ/μ' + δ}$ for $μ\subseteq λ$ and $δ=(n,\ldots,1)$ for some $n > l(λ)$.
In this paper we study a relatively new combinatorial object called staircase tableaux. Staircase tableaux were introduced by Corteel and Williams in the connection with Asymmetric Exclusion Process and has since found interesting connections with Askey - Wilson polynomials. We develop a probabilistic approach that allows us to analyze several parameters of a randomly chosen staircase tableaux of a given size. In particular, we obtain limiting distributions for statistics associated with appearances of Greek letters in staircase. tableaux.
Staircase tableaux are combinatorial objects which appear as key tools in the study of the PASEP physical model. The aim of this work is to show how the discovery of a tree structure in staircase tableaux is a significant feature to derive properties on these objects.
We explain how the moments of the (weight function of the) Askey Wilson polynomials are related to the enumeration of the staircase tableaux introduced by the first and fourth authors. This gives us a direct combinatorial formula for these moments. Then we use techniques developed by Ismail and the third author to give explicit formulae for these moments and for the enumeration of staircase tableaux. Finally we study the enumeration of staircase tableaux at various specializations of the parameterizations; for example, we obtain the Catalan numbers, Fibonacci numbers, Eulerian numbers, the num…
Based on the matrix ansatz of Derrida, Evans, Hakim and Pasquier, we prensent a new way of computing the stationary probability of a state of the asym- metric simple exclusion process (ASEP). Through an insertion algorithm over staircase tableaux, we give a combinatorial proof to the current interpretation of the ASEP by these tableaux of Corteel and Williams. The insertion algorithm induces a recursive structure which implies nice factorised formulas for the generating polynomials of staircase tableaux, as well as a bijection with some coloured inversion tables. In addi- tion, we adapt the in…
In this paper, we study staircase tableaux, a combinatorial object introduced due to its connections with the asymmetric exclusion process (ASEP) and Askey-Wilson polynomials. Due to their interesting connections, staircase tableaux have been the object of study in many recent papers. More specific to this paper, the distribution of various parameters in random staircase tableaux has been studied. There have been interesting results on parameters along the main diagonal, however, no such results have appeared for other diagonals. It was conjectured that the distribution of the number of symbol…
(Dual-)promotion and (dual-)evacuation are bijections on SYT(λ) for any partition λ. Let c^r denote the rectangular partition (c,...,c) of height r, and let sc_k (k > 2) denote the staircase partition (k,k-1,...,1). B. Rhoades showed representation-theoretically that promotion on SYT(c^r) exhibits the cyclic sieving phenomenon (CSP). In this paper, we demonstrate a promotion- and evacuation-preserving embedding of SYT(sc_k) into SYT(k^{k+1}). This arose from an attempt to demonstrate the CSP of promotion action on SYT(sc_k).
We present a bijection between the set of standard Young tableaux of staircase minus rectangle shape, and the set of marked shifted standard Young tableaux of a certain shifted shape. Numerically, this result is due to DeWitt (2012). Combined with other known bijections this gives a bijective proof of the product formula for the number of standard Young tableaux of staircase minus rectangle shape. This resolves an open problem by Morales, Pak and Panova (2019), and allows for efficient random sampling. Other applications include a bijection for semistandard Young tableaux, and a bijective proo…
A specialisation of a transformation formula for multi-dimensional elliptic hypergeometric series is used to provide compact, non-determinantal formulae for the generating function with respect to the major index of standard Young tableaux of skew shapes of the form "staircase minus rectangle".
In this paper, we study staircase tableaux, a combinatorial object introduced due to its connections with the asymmetric exclusion process (ASEP) and Askey-Wilson polynomials. Due to their interesting connections, staircase tableaux have been the object of study in many recent papers. More specific to this paper, the distribution of various parameters in random staircase tableaux has been studied. There have been interesting results on parameters along the main diagonal, however, no such results have appeared for other diagonals. It was conjectured that the distribution of the number of symbol…
This paper concerns a relatively new combinatorial structure called staircase tableaux. They were introduced in the context of the asymmetric exclusion process and Askey--Wilson polynomials, however, their purely combinatorial properties have gained considerable interest in the past few years. In this paper we further study combinatorial properties of staircase tableaux. We consider a general model of staircase tableaux in which symbols that appear in staircase tableaux may have arbitrary positive weights. Under this general model we derive a number of results. Some of our results concern the …
Staircase tableaux are combinatorial objects that were first introduced due to a connection with the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) and Askey-Wilson polynomials. Since their introduction, staircase tableaux have been the object of study in many recent papers. Relevant to this paper, the distri- bution of parameters on the first diagonal was proven to be asymptotically normal. In that same paper, a conjecture was made that the other diagonals would be asymptotically Poisson. Since then, only the second and the third diagonal were proven to follow the conjecture. This paper builds up…
We consider a new kind of straight and shifted plane partitions/Young tableaux --- ones whose diagrams are no longer of partition shape, but rather Young diagrams with boxes erased from their upper right ends. We find formulas for the number of standard tableaux in certain cases, namely a shifted staircase without the box in its upper right corner, i.e. truncated by a box, a rectangle truncated by a staircase and a rectangle truncated by a square minus a box. The proofs involve finding the generating function of the corresponding plane partitions using interpretations and formulas for sums of …
In this paper, we compute the genus of the variety of linear series of rank $r$ and degree $d$ on a general curve of genus $g$, with ramification at least $α$ and $β$ at two given points, when that variety is 1-dimensional. Our proof uses degenerations and limit linear series along with an analysis of random staircase paths in Young tableaux, and produces an explicit scheme-theoretic description of the limit linear series of fixed rank and degree on a generic chain of elliptic curves when that scheme is itself a curve.
Unexpected product formulas for the number of standard Young tableaux of certain truncated shapes are found and proved. These include shifted staircase shapes minus a square in the NE corner, rectangular shapes minus a square in the NE corner, and some variations.
We present new combinatorial and probabilistic identities relating three random processes: the oriented swap process on $n$ particles, the corner growth process, and the last passage percolation model. We prove one of the probabilistic identities, relating a random vector of last passage percolation times to its dual, using the duality between the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth and Burge correspondences. A second probabilistic identity, relating those two vectors to a vector of "last swap times" in the oriented swap process, is conjectural. We give a computer-assisted proof of this identity for $n\l…
We study shifted standard Young tableaux (SYT). The limiting surface of uniformly random shifted SYT of staircase shape is determined, with the integers in the SYT as heights. This implies via properties of the Edelman-Greene bijection results about random 132-avoiding sorting networks, including limit shapes for trajectories and intermediate permutations. Moreover, the expected number of adjacencies in SYT is considered. It is shown that on average each row and each column of a shifted SYT of staircase shape contains precisely one adjacency.
Flips of diagonals in colored triangle-free triangulations of a convex polygon are interpreted as moves between two adjacent chambers in a certain graphic hyperplane arrangement. Properties of geodesics in the associated flip graph are deduced. In particular, it is shown that: (1) every diagonal is flipped exactly once in a geodesic between distinguished pairs of antipodes; (2) the number of geodesics between these antipodes is equal to twice the number of Young tableaux of a truncated shifted staircase shape.
In previous work, the first and third authors introduced staircase tableaux, which they used to give combinatorial formulas for the stationary distribution of the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) and for the moments of the Askey-Wilson weight function. The fact that the ASEP and Askey-Wilson moments are related at all is quite surprising, and is due to Uchiyama-Sasamoto-Wadati. The ASEP is a model of particles hopping on a one-dimensional lattice of N sites with open boundaries, particles can enter and exit at both left and right borders. It was introduced around 1970 and is cited as…
Recently, Naruse discovered a hook length formula for the number of standard Young tableaux of a skew shape. Morales, Pak and Panova found two $q$-analogs of Naruse's hook length formula over semistandard Young tableaux (SSYTs) and reverse plane partitions (RPPs). As an application of their formula, they expressed certain $q$-Euler numbers, which are generating functions for SSYTs and RPPs of a zigzag border strip, in terms of weighted Dyck paths. They found a determinantal formula for the generating function for SSYTs of a skew staircase shape and proposed two conjectures related to RPPs of t…
We study Schur Q-polynomials evaluated on a geometric progression, or equivalently q-enumeration of marked shifted tableaux, seeking explicit formulas that remain regular at q=1. We obtain several such expressions as multiple basic hypergeometric series, and as determinants and pfaffians of continuous q-ultraspherical or continuous q-Jacobi polynomials. As special cases, we obtain simple closed formulas for staircase-type partitions.
We introduce the notion of a generalized oscillating tableau and define a promotion operation on such tableaux that generalizes the classical promotion operation on standard Young tableaux. As our main application, we show that this promotion corresponds to rotation of the irreducible $A_2$-webs of G. Kuperberg.
We give a embedding of the Lagrangian Grassmannian LG(n) inside an ordinary Grassmannian that is well-behaved with respect to the Wronski map. As a consequence, we obtain an analogue of the Mukhin-Tarasov-Varchenko theorem for LG(n). The restriction of the Wronski map to LG(n) has degree equal to the number of shifted or unshifted tableaux of staircase shape. For special fibres one can define bijections, which, in turn, gives a bijection between these two classes of tableaux. The properties of these bijections lead a geometric proof of a branching rule for the cohomological map H*(Gr(n,2n)) x …
We extend the family of statistics maj_d, introduced for permutations by Kadell (1985), to standard Young tableaux. At one extreme, we have the traditional Major index statistic maj_1 for tableaux. At the other end, maj_n = inv, the inversion statistic introduced by Haglund and Stevens (2006). This is answers a question of Assaf (2008), who defined maj_2 and maj_3 for tableaux.
Standard set-valued Young tableaux are a generalization of standard Young tableaux in which cells may contain more than one integer, with the added conditions that every integer at position $(i,j)$ must be smaller than every integer at positions $(i,j+1)$ and $(i+1,j)$. This paper explores the combinatorics of standard set-valued Young tableaux with two-rows, and how those tableaux may be used to provide new combinatorial interpretations of generalized Catalan numbers. New combinatorial interpretations are provided for the two-parameter Fuss-Catalan numbers (Raney numbers), the rational Catala…
Using equivariant cohomology theory, Naruse obtained a hook length formula for the number of standard Young tableaux of skew shape $λ/μ$. Morales, Pak and Panova found two $q$-analogues of Naruse's formula respectively by counting semistandard Young tableaux of shape $λ/μ$ and reverse plane partitions of shape $λ/μ$. When $λ$ and $μ$ are both staircase shape partitions, Morales, Pak and Panova conjectured that the generating function of reverse plane partitions of shape $λ/ μ$ can be expressed as a determinant whose entries are related to $q$-analogues of the Euler numbers. The objective of th…
Dumont and Foata introduced in 1976 a three-variable symmetric refinement of Genocchi numbers, which satisfies a simple recurrence relation. A six-variable generalization with many similar properties was later considered by Dumont. They generalize a lot of known integer sequences, and their ordinary generating function can be expanded as a Jacobi continued fraction. We give here a new combinatorial interpretation of the six-variable polynomials in terms of the alternative tableaux introduced by Viennot. A powerful tool to enumerate alternative tableaux is the so-called "matrix Ansatz", and usi…
We present several equinumerous results between generalized oscillating tableaux and semistandard tableaux and give a representation-theoretical proof to them. As one of the key ingredients of the proof, we provide Pieri rules for the symplectic and orthogonal groups.
In this paper, we firstly extend a result of Bonin, Shapiro and Simion by giving the distribution of the major index over generalized Schröder paths. Then by providing a bijection between generalized Schröder paths and row-increasing tableaux of skew shapes with two rows, we obtain the distribution of the major index and the amajor index over these tableaux, which extends a result of Du, Fan and Zhao. We also generalize a result of Pechenik and give the distribution of the major index over increasing tableaux of skew shapes with two rows. Especially, a bijection from row-increasing tableaux wi…
Motivated by the classical Eulerian number, descent and excedance numbers in the hyperoctahedral groups, an triangular array from staircase tableaux and so on, we study a triangular array $[\mathcal {T}_{n,k}]_{n,k\ge 0}$ satisfying the recurrence relation: \begin{equation*} \mathcal {T}_{n,k}=λ(a_0n+a_1k+a_2)\mathcal {T}_{n-1,k}+(b_0n+b_1k+b_2)\mathcal {T}_{n-1,k-1}+\frac{cd}λ(n-k+1)\mathcal {T}_{n-1,k-2} \end{equation*} with $\mathcal {T}_{0,0}=1$ and $\mathcal {T}_{n,k}=0$ unless $0\le k\le n$. We derive a functional transformation for its row-generating function $\mathcal{T}_n(x)$ from the…
An inverted semistandard Young tableau is a row-standard tableau along with a collection of inversion pairs that quantify how far the tableau is from being column semistandard. Such a tableau with precisely $k$ inversion pairs is said to be a $k$-inverted semistandard Young tableau. Building upon earlier work by Fresse and the author, this paper develops generating functions for the numbers of $k$-inverted semistandard Young tableau of various shapes $λ$ and contents $μ$. An easily-calculable generating function is given for the number of $k$-inverted semistandard Young tableau that "standardi…
Baryshnikov and Romik derived the combinatorial identities for the numbers of the $m$-strip tableaux. This generalized the classical André's theorem for the number of up-down permutations. They asked for a bijective proof for the enumeration of $3$-strip tableaux. In this paper we will provide such a bijective proof. First we count the $3$-strip tableaux by decomposition. Secondly we will apply this "decomposition" idea on the up-down permutations and down-up permutations to enumerate the $3$-strip tableaux bijectively.
We give a counting formula for the set of rectangular increasing tableaux in terms of generalized Narayana numbers. We define small $m$-Schröder paths and give a bijection between the set of increasing rectangular tableaux and small $m$-Schröder paths, generalizing a result of Pechenik [3]. Using $K$-jeu de taquin promotion, which was defined by Thomas and Yong [10], we give a cyclic sieving phenomenon for the set of increasing hook tableaux.
Recently, Kim and Oh expressed the Selberg integral in terms of the number of Young books which are a generalization of standard Young tableaux of shifted staircase shape. In this paper the generating function for Young books according to major index statistic is considered. It is shown that this generating function can be written as a Jackson integral which gives a new $q$-Selberg integral. It is also shown that the new $q$-Selberg integral has an expression in terms of Schur functions.
We introduce the Tesler polytope Tes_n(a_1,a_2,...,a_n), whose integer points are the Tesler matrices of size n with nonnegative integer hook sums a_1,a_2,...,a_n. We show that Tes_n(a) is a flow polytope and therefore the number of Tesler matrices is counted by the type A_n Kostant partition function evaluated at (a_1,a_2,...,a_n,-a_1-...-a_n). We describe the faces of this polytope in terms of "Tesler tableaux" and characterize when the polytope is simple. We prove that the h-vector of Tes_n(a) when all a_i>0 is given by the Mahonian numbers and calculate the volume of Tes_n(1,1,...,1) to be…
Young's lattice, the lattice of all Young diagrams, has the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence, the correspondence between certain matrices and pairs of semi-standard Young tableaux with the same shape. Fomin introduced generalized Schur operators to generalize the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence. In this sense, generalized Schur operators are generalizations of semi-standard Young tableaux. We define a generalization of Schur polynomials as expansion coefficients of generalized Schur operators. We show that the commutating relation of generalized Schur operators implies Pieri's f…
There is a strikingly simple classical formula for the number of lattice paths avoiding the line x = ky when k is a positive integer. We show that the natural generalization of this simple formula continues to hold when the line x = ky is replaced by certain periodic staircase boundaries--but only under special conditions. The simple formula fails in general, and it remains an open question to what extent our results can be further generalized.
As is well-known, cluster transformations in cluster structures of geometric type are often modeled on determinant identities, such as short Plucker relations, Desnanot--Jacobi identities and their generalizations. We present a construction that plays a similar role in a description of generalized cluster transformations and discuss its applications to generalized cluster structures in GL_n compatible with a certain subclass of Belavin--Drinfeld Poisson--Lie brackets, in the Drinfeld double of GL_n, and in spaces of periodic difference operators.
The generalized Kostka polynomials are the Poincare polynomials of isotypic components of certain graded GL(n)-modules. The former satisfy a monotonicity property arising from natural surjections of the corresponding modules. This monotonicity property is realized combinatorially by a directed system of order- and statistic-preserving embeddings between the sets of Littlewood-Richardson (LR) tableaux that describe the generalized Kostka polynomials. Each set of LR tableaux is embedded into a cocyclage poset of column-strict tableaux of a fixed content, and the image is characterized in terms o…
We consider two examples of a fully decodable combinatorial encoding of Bernoulli schemes: the encoding via Weyl simplices and the much more complicated encoding via the RSK (Robinson--Schensted--Knuth) correspondence. In the first case, the decodability is a quite simple fact, while in the second case, this is a nontrivial result obtained by D.~Romik and P.~Śniady and based on the papers~ \cite{KV}, \cite{VK}, and others. We comment on the proofs from the viewpoint of the theory of measurable partitions; another proof, using representation theory and generalized Schur--Weyl duality, will be p…
In this paper, we study pattern avoidances of generalized permutations and show that the number of all generalized permutations avoiding $π$ is independent of the choice of $π\in S_3$, which extends the classic results on permutations avoiding $π\in S_3$. Extending both Dyck path and Riordan path, we introduce the Catalan-Riordan path which turns out to be a combinatorial interpretation of the difference array of Catalan numbers. As applications, we interpret both Motzkin and Riordan numbers in two ways, via semistandard Young tableaux of two rows and generalized permutations avoiding $π\in S_…
We introduce a new family of noncommutative analogues of the Hall-Littlewood symmetric functions. Our construction relies upon Tevlin's bases and simple q-deformations of the classical combinatorial Hopf algebras. We connect our new Hall-Littlewood functions to permutation tableaux, and also give an exact formula for the q-enumeration of permutation tableaux of a fixed shape. This gives an explicit formula for: the steady state probability of each state in the partially asymmetric exclusion process (PASEP); the polynomial enumerating permutations with a fixed set of weak excedances according t…
Arc permutations and unimodal permutations were introduced in the study of triangulations and characters. This paper studies combinatorial properties and structures on these permutations. First, both sets are characterized by pattern avoidance. It is also shown that arc permutations carry a natural affine Weyl group action, and that the number of geodesics between a distinguished pair of antipodes in the associated Schreier graph, as well as the number of maximal chains in the weak order on unimodal permutations, are both equal to twice the number of standard Young tableaux of shifted staircas…
Young's lattice is a prototypical example of differential posets. Differential posets have the Robinson correspondence, the correspondence between permutations and pairs of standard tableaux with the same shape, as in the case of Young's lattice. Fomin introduced generalized Schur operators to generalize the method of Robinson correspondence in differential posets to the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence, the correspondence between certain matrices and pairs of semi-standard tableaux with the same shape. In this paper, we introduce operators on the vector space whose basis is the set of …
A cyclic descent function on standard Young tableaux of size $n$ is a function that restricts to the usual descent function when $n$ is omitted, such that the number of standard Young tableaux of given shape with cyclic descent set $D\subset[n]$ is invariant under any modulo $n$ shift of $D$. The notion of cyclic descent was first studied for rectangles by Rhoades, and then generalized to certain families of skew shapes by Adin, Elizalde, and Roichman. Adin, Reiner, and Roichman proved that a skew shape has a cyclic descent map if and only if it is not a connected ribbon. Unfortunately, their …
Young's lattice is a partial order on integer partitions whose saturated chains correspond to standard Young tableaux, one type of combinatorial object that generates the Schur basis for symmetric functions. Generalizing Young's lattice, we introduce a new partial order on weak compositions that we call the key poset. Saturated chains in this poset correspond to standard key tableaux, the combinatorial objects that generate the key polynomials, a nonsymmetric polynomial generalization of the Schur basis. Generalizing skew Schur functions, we define skew key polynomials in terms of this new pos…
The recording tableaux in the quantum Littlewood-Richardson map, the orthogonal transpose symmetry map, and the computation of $\mathfrak{k}$-highest weight tableaux
University of Coimbra（科英布拉大学）
本文组合证明了 Watanabe 给出的量子 LR 映射的满射性，并利用其逆映射计算和刻画了一类 $\mathfrak{k}$-最高权半标准杨表。
This paper contains a partial answer to the open problem 3.11 of \cite{[H2008]}. That is to find an explicit bijection on Schröder paths that inverts the statistics area and bounce. This paper started as an attempt to write the sum over $m$-Schröder paths with a fix number of diagonal steps into Schur functions in the variables $q$ and $t$. Some results have been generalized to parking functions, and some bijections were made with standard Young tableaux giving way to partial combinatorial formulas in the basis $s_μ(q,t)s_λ(X)$ for $\nabla(e_n)$ (respectively, $\nabla^m(e_n)$), when $μ$ and $λ…
The expectation of the descent number of a random Young tableau of a fixed shape is given, and concentration around the mean is shown. This result is generalized to the major index and to other descent functions. The proof combines probabilistic arguments together with combinatorial character theory. Connections with Hecke algebras are mentioned.
Goulden and Jackson introduced a very powerful method to study the distributions of certain consecutive patterns in permutations, words, and other combinatorial objects which is now called the cluster method. There are a number of natural classes of combinatorial objects which start with either permutations or words and add additional restrictions. These include up-down permutations, generalized Euler permutations, words with no consecutive repeated letters, Young tableaux, and non-backtracking random walks. We develop an extension of the cluster method which we call the {\em generalized clust…
Let $δ=(δ_1,\ldots,δ_n)$ be a string of letters $h$ and $v$. We define a Young tableau to be $δ$-semistandard if the entries are weakly increasing along rows and columns, and the entries $i$ form a horizontal strip if $δ_i=h$ and a vertical strip if $δ_i=v$. We define $δ$-promotion on such tableaux via a modified jeu-de-taquin. The first main result is that $δ$-promotion has period $n$ on rectangular $δ$-semistandard tableaux, generalizing the results of Haiman and Rhoades for standard and semistandard tableaux. The second main result states that the set of rectangular $δ$-semistandard tableau…
We introduce a new combinatorial object, semistandard increasing decomposition tableau and study its relation to a semistandard decomposition tableau introduced by Kraśkiewicz and developed by Lam and Serrano. We also introduce generalized Littlewood--Richardson coefficients for products of Schur's symmetric functions and give combinatorial descriptions in terms of tableau words. The insertion algorithms play central roles for proofs. A new description of shifted Littlewood--Richardson coefficients is given in terms of semistandard increasing decomposition tableaux. We show that a "big" Schur …
We give a purely combinatorial proof of the positivity of the stabilized forms of the generalized exponents associated to each classical root system. In finite type A_{n-1}, we rederive the description of the generalized exponents in terms of crystal graphs without using the combinatorics of semistandard tableaux or the charge statistic. In finite type C_n, we obtain a combinatorial description of the generalized exponents based on the so-called distinguished vertices in crystals of type A_{2n-1}, which we also connect to symplectic King tableaux. This gives a combinatorial proof of the positi…
