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arXiv 1807.08062hep-th
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跃迁振幅、配分函数和物理自由度在规范理论中的作用

Transition amplitude, partition function and the role of physical degrees of freedom in gauge theories

A. A. Nogueira, B. M. Pimentel, L. Rabanal

摘要:

这项工作探讨了标量(物质)和矢量(中间)粒子之间相互作用的量子动力学,并研究了它们在巨正则系综中的热力学平衡。这篇文章的目的是澄清在量子化过程和热力学平衡的描述中理论的物理自由度之间的联系,其中我们看到物理自由度,吉布斯自由能和均分定理之间的密切联系。我们把工作分成两部分。首先,我们用泛函理论分析了广义标量Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau量子电动力学(GSDKP)中的量子相互作用。我们用Dirac方法建立了广义库仑规范的哈密顿结构,用Faddeev-Senjanovic方法得到了广义库仑规范的跃迁振幅,最后用Faddeev-Popov-DeWitt方法得到了非混合规范的振幅的协变形式.随后,我们专门使用松原-弗拉德金(MF)的形式主义,以描述领域的化学平衡。在热力学平衡的标量,矢量和鬼部门的相应的方程显式构造的配分函数的提取是直接的。正是在矢量扇区的构造中,鬼场的出现和重要性被揭示出来:它们消除了矢量扇区额外的非物理自由度,从而保持了物理自由度。

英文摘要:

This work explores the quantum dynamics of the interaction between scalar (matter) and vectorial (intermediate) particles and studies their thermodynamic equilibrium in the grand-canonical ensemble. The aim of the article is to clarify the connection between the physical degrees of freedom of a theory in both the quantization process and the description of the thermodynamic equilibrium, in which we see an intimate connection between physical degrees of freedom, Gibbs free energy and the equipartition theorem. We have split the work into two sections. First, we analyze the quantum interaction in the context of the generalized scalar Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau quantum electrodynamics (GSDKP) by using the functional formalism. We build the Hamiltonian structure following the Dirac methodology, apply the Faddeev-Senjanovic procedure to obtain the transition amplitude in the generalized Coulomb gauge and, finally, use the Faddeev-Popov-DeWitt method to write the amplitude in covariant form in the no-mixing gauge. Subsequently, we exclusively use the Matsubara-Fradkin (MF) formalism in order to describe fields in thermodynamical equilibrium. The corresponding equations in thermodynamic equilibrium for the scalar, vectorial and ghost sectors are explicitly constructed from which the extraction of the partition function is straightforward. It is in the construction of the vectorial sector that the emergence and importance of the ghost fields are revealed: they eliminate the extra non-physical degrees of freedom of the vectorial sector thus maintaining the physical degrees of freedom.

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