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arXiv 1807.04802cs.DS
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无次图中最小代价二部匹配的快速算法

A Faster Algorithm for Minimum-Cost Bipartite Matching in Minor-Free Graphs

Nathaniel Lahn, Sharath Raghvendra

摘要:

我们给出了一个$\tilde{O}(n^{7/5} \log (nC))$ -时间算法来计算$K_h$ -minor free图中的最小代价最大基数匹配(最优匹配),其中$K_h$ -minor free图具有$h=O(1)$和整数边权值的幅度至多为$C$。这改进了Cohen等人的$\tilde{O}(n^{10/7}\log{C})$算法[SODA 2017]以及Gabow和Tarjan的$O(n^{3/2}\log (nC))$算法[SIAM J. COMPUT. 1989年]。对于具有$m$边和$n$顶点的图,著名的匈牙利算法在$O(m)$时间内计算每个阶段的最短扩充路径,从而在$O(mn)$时间内产生最优匹配。Hopcroft-Karp [SIAM J. Comput. 1973]和Gabow-Tarjan [SIAM J. 1989]算法计算,在每个阶段中,顶点不相交的最短增广路径(适当定义的成本)在$O(m)$时间的最大集合。这将减少从$n$到$O(\sqrt{n})$的阶段数,并将总执行时间减少到$O(m\sqrt{n})$。为了获得我们的速度,我们放松条件的扩增路径和迭代计算,在每个阶段,一组精心挑选的扩增路径,不限于最短或顶点不相交。因此,我们的算法在每个阶段中计算更多的增强路径,将阶段数从$O(\sqrt{n})$减少到$O(n^{2/5})$。通过使用小的顶点分隔符,每个阶段的执行平均花费$\tilde{O}(m)$时间。对于平面图,我们结合我们的算法与高效的最短路径数据结构,以获得最小成本的完美匹配在$\tilde{O}(n^{6/5} \log{(nC)})$的时间。这改进了Asathulla等人最近的$\tilde{O}(n^{4/3}\log{(nC)})$时间算法[SODA 2018]。

英文摘要:

We give an $\tilde{O}(n^{7/5} \log (nC))$-time algorithm to compute a minimum-cost maximum cardinality matching (optimal matching) in $K_h$-minor free graphs with $h=O(1)$ and integer edge weights having magnitude at most $C$. This improves upon the $\tilde{O}(n^{10/7}\log{C})$ algorithm of Cohen et al. [SODA 2017] and the $O(n^{3/2}\log (nC))$ algorithm of Gabow and Tarjan [SIAM J. Comput. 1989]. For a graph with $m$ edges and $n$ vertices, the well-known Hungarian Algorithm computes a shortest augmenting path in each phase in $O(m)$ time, yielding an optimal matching in $O(mn)$ time. The Hopcroft-Karp [SIAM J. Comput. 1973], and Gabow-Tarjan [SIAM J. Comput. 1989] algorithms compute, in each phase, a maximal set of vertex-disjoint shortest augmenting paths (for appropriately defined costs) in $O(m)$ time. This reduces the number of phases from $n$ to $O(\sqrt{n})$ and the total execution time to $O(m\sqrt{n})$. In order to obtain our speed-up, we relax the conditions on the augmenting paths and iteratively compute, in each phase, a set of carefully selected augmenting paths that are not restricted to be shortest or vertex-disjoint. As a result, our algorithm computes substantially more augmenting paths in each phase, reducing the number of phases from $O(\sqrt{n})$ to $O(n^{2/5})$. By using small vertex separators, the execution of each phase takes $\tilde{O}(m)$ time on average. For planar graphs, we combine our algorithm with efficient shortest path data structures to obtain a minimum-cost perfect matching in $\tilde{O}(n^{6/5} \log{(nC)})$ time. This improves upon the recent $\tilde{O}(n^{4/3}\log{(nC)})$ time algorithm by Asathulla et al. [SODA 2018].

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