arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2212.09348math.COcs.DS
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排除二部图中的单交叉匹配子图

Excluding Single-Crossing Matching Minors in Bipartite Graphs

Archontia C. Giannopoulou, Dimitrios M. Thilikos, Sebastian Wiederrecht

摘要:

\noindent通过Valiant的一个开创性的结果,计算$(0,1)$ -矩阵的积和式通常是$\#\mathsf{P}$ -困难的.在1913年波利亚要求其中$(0,1)$ -矩阵$A$有可能改变一些迹象,使永久的$A$等于行列式的矩阵。1975年,Little证明了这些矩阵是不包含$K_{3,3}$的二部图的双邻接矩阵. 1999年,McCuaig、Robertson、Seymour和Thomas将其转化为多项式时间算法。然而,在二部图中排除某些匹配子图与永久式的易处理性之间的关系超出了$K_{3,3}.$最近,人们证明了排除任何平面二部图作为匹配子图产生了一类二部图,在这类二部图上可以有效地计算相应的$(0,1)$ -矩阵的{永久式}.本文将上述两个结果统一为一个更一般的结果,其形式类似于著名的无单交叉子图的结构定理。我们确定了一类二部图,严格推广平面二部图和$K_{3,3}$,其中包括无限多个非Pfronian图。排除该类的任何成员作为匹配的子式,会产生一个结构,允许对永久变量进行有效的求值。此外,我们表明,永久性的评价仍然是$\#\mathsf{P}$ -硬的二部图排除$K_{5,5}$作为一个匹配的未成年人。这建立了第一个计算下限的问题,计数完美匹配未成年人封闭类。

英文摘要:

\noindent By a seminal result of Valiant, computing the permanent of $(0,1)$-matrices is, in general, $\#\mathsf{P}$-hard. In 1913 Pólya asked for which $(0,1)$-matrices $A$ it is possible to change some signs such that the permanent of $A$ equals the determinant of the resulting matrix. In 1975, Little showed these matrices to be exactly the biadjacency matrices of bipartite graphs excluding $K_{3,3}$ as a \{matching minor}. This was turned into a polynomial time algorithm by McCuaig, Robertson, Seymour, and Thomas in 1999. However, the relation between the exclusion of some matching minor in a bipartite graph and the tractability of the permanent extends beyond $K_{3,3}.$ Recently it was shown that the exclusion of any planar bipartite graph as a matching minor yields a class of bipartite graphs on which the {permanent} of the corresponding $(0,1)$-matrices can be computed efficiently. In this paper we unify the two results above into a single, more general result in the style of the celebrated structure theorem for single-crossing-minor-free graphs. We identify a class of bipartite graphs strictly generalising planar bipartite graphs and $K_{3,3}$ which includes infinitely many non-Pfaffian graphs. The exclusion of any member of this class as a matching minor yields a structure that allows for the efficient evaluation of the permanent. Moreover, we show that the evaluation of the permanent remains $\#\mathsf{P}$-hard on bipartite graphs which exclude $K_{5,5}$ as a matching minor. This establishes a first computational lower bound for the problem of counting perfect matchings on matching minor closed classes.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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