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arXiv 1807.01475astro-ph.GA
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用HI 21-cm吸收示踪活动核的星际和环核介质

The interstellar and circumnuclear medium of active nuclei traced by HI 21-cm absorption

Raffaella Morganti, Tom Oosterloo

摘要:

本文综述了近20年来基于HI 21-cm吸收观测对活动星系中心区域冷星际介质(ISM)以及这种气体与活动星系核(AGN)之间相互作用的认识。HI吸收在所有尺度上都是一种强有力的示踪剂,从pc尺度到几十kpc。考虑到强射电连续谱通常与中心活动有关,HI吸收可以用来研究活动星系核附近的HI,其红移比使用HI发射可能的要高得多。HI吸收已被用来研究活动星系中普遍的ISM,追踪射电噪活动星系核的能量供应,研究活动星系核释放的能量与ISM之间的反馈,以及这种相互作用对星系及其活动星系核演化的影响。在过去二十年中,在所有这些领域都取得了重大进展。现在已经确定,许多射电大活动星系核被小的、规则旋转的气体盘所包围,这些气体盘含有相当大一部分的HI。这些盘的结构已被追踪到秒差距尺度的VLBI观测。年轻的和最近重新启动的射电星系似乎有一个高的HI检测率。这与活动星系核的演化有关,是很有趣的。这一点被活动星系核驱动的快速冷气体外流的发现所证实,这一发现直接反映了活动星系核释放的能量的影响。此外,已经收集到的证据表明,冷气体云可以在为核活动提供燃料方面发挥作用。这篇评论最后简要描述了即将到来的大型,盲目HI吸收调查计划的新射电望远镜,很快将成为业务。这些调查将允许显着扩大现有的工作,但也将允许探索新的主题,特别是在活动星系核冷ISM的演变。

英文摘要:

This review summarises what we have learnt in the last two decades based on HI 21-cm absorption observations about the cold interstellar medium (ISM) in the central regions of active galaxies and the interplay between this gas and the active nucleus (AGN). HI absorption is a powerful tracer on all scales, from the pc scales to many tens of kpc. Given the strong radio continuum often associated with the central activity, HI absorption can be used to study the HI near an AGN out to much higher redshifts than is possible using HI emission. HI absorption has been used to characterise the general ISM in active galaxies, to trace the fuelling of radio-loud AGN, to study the feedback between the energy released by the AGN and the ISM, and the impact of such interactions on the evolution of galaxies and their AGN. In the last two decades, significant progress has been made in all these areas. It is now well established that many radio loud AGN are surrounded by small, regularly rotating gas disks that contain a significant fraction of HI. The structure of these disks has been traced down to parsec scales by VLBI observations. Young and recently restarted radio galaxies appear to have a high detection rate of HI. This is interesting in connection with the evolution of these AGN. This is confirmed by the discovery of fast, AGN-driven outflows of cold gas which give a direct view of the impact of the energy released by AGN. In addition, evidence has been collected that clouds of cold gas can play a role in fuelling the nuclear activity. This review ends by briefly describing the upcoming large, blind HI absorption surveys planned for the new radio telescopes which will soon become operational. These surveys will allow to significantly expand existing work, but will also allow to explore new topics, in particular the evolution of the cold ISM in AGN.

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