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arXiv 2101.06646astro-ph.GA
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局域星系和高红移星系中的CO激发、分子气体密度和星际辐射场

CO excitation, molecular gas density and interstellar radiation field in local and high-redshift galaxies

Daizhong Liu, Emanuele Daddi, Eva Schinnerer, Toshiki Saito, Adam Leroy, John Silverman, Francesco Valentino, Georgios Magdis, Yu Gao, Shuowen Jin, Annagrazia Puglisi, Brent Groves

摘要:

我们研究了76个星系的CO激发、平均分子气体密度和星际辐射场强度,这些星系是根据它们的CO跃迁J=2-1和5-4以及它们的光学/红外/(亚)毫米光谱能量分布(SED)而选择的,从局域到高红移(z~0-6)。我们证实了CO激发的CO(5-4)/(2-1)线比(R52)跟踪之间存在紧密的相关性,和平均ISRF强度U来自红外SED拟合使用灰尘SED模板。通过模拟星系中的分子气体密度概率分布函数(PDF)和用大速度梯度辐射转移计算预测CO谱线比率,我们提出了一个将CO谱线比率与平均分子氢气密度nH 2和动力学温度Tkin联系起来的框架.映射以这种方式观察到的R52比nH 2和Tkin概率分布,我们得到积极的U-nH 2和U-Tkin的相关性,这意味着一个场景中,星系中的ISRF主要由Tkin和(非线性)nH 2调节。一小部分星爆星系显示增强nH 2可能是由于合并驱动的压缩。我们的工作表明,ISRF和CO激发是紧密耦合的,密度PDF模型是一个很有前途的工具,探测详细的ISM星系内的属性。

英文摘要:

We study the Carbon Monoxide (CO) excitation, mean molecular gas density and interstellar radiation field (ISRF) intensity in a comprehensive sample of 76 galaxies from local to high redshift (z~0-6), selected based on detections of their CO transitions J=2-1 and 5-4 and their optical/infrared/(sub-)millimeter spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We confirm the existence of a tight correlation between CO excitation as traced by the CO(5-4)/(2-1) line ratio (R52), and the mean ISRF intensity U as derived from infrared SED fitting using dust SED templates. By modeling the molecular gas density probability distribution function (PDF) in galaxies and predicting CO line ratios with large velocity gradient radiative transfer calculations, we present a framework linking global CO line ratios to the mean molecular hydrogen gas density nH2 and kinetic temperature Tkin. Mapping in this way observed R52 ratios to nH2 and Tkin probability distributions, we obtain positive U-nH2 and U-Tkin correlations, which imply a scenario in which the ISRF in galaxies is mainly regulated by Tkin and (non-linearly) by nH2. A small fraction of starburst galaxies showing enhanced nH2 could be due to merger-driven compaction. Our work demonstrates that ISRF and CO excitation are tightly coupled, and that density-PDF modeling is a promising tool for probing detailed ISM properties inside galaxies.

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