Planck intermediate results. XXXII. The relative orientation between the magnetic field and structures traced by interstellar dust
Planck Collaboration, R. Adam, P. A. R. Ade, N. Aghanim, M. I. R. Alves, M. Arnaud, D. Arzoumanian, M. Ashdown, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A. J. Banday, R. B. B… 展开作者
Planck Collaboration, R. Adam, P. A. R. Ade, N. Aghanim, M. I. R. Alves, M. Arnaud, D. Arzoumanian, M. Ashdown, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A. J. Banday, R. B. Barreiro, N. Bartolo, E. Battaner, K. Benabed, A. Benoit-Lévy, J. -P. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, P. Bielewicz, A. Bonaldi, L. Bonavera, J. R. Bond, J. Borrill, F. R. Bouchet, F. Boulanger, A. Bracco, C. Burigana, R. C. Butler, E. Calabrese, J. -F. Cardoso, A. Catalano, A. Chamballu, H. C. Chiang, P. R. Christensen, S. Colombi, L. P. L. Colombo, C. Combet, F. Couchot, B. P. Crill, A. Curto, F. Cuttaia, L. Danese, R. D. Davies, R. J. Davis, P. de Bernardis, A. de Rosa, G. de Zotti, J. Delabrouille, C. Dickinson, J. M. Diego, H. Dole, S. Donzelli, O. Doré, M. Douspis, A. Ducout, X. Dupac, G. Efstathiou, F. Elsner, T. A. Enßlin, H. K. Eriksen, E. Falgarone, K. Ferrière, F. Finelli, O. Forni, M. Frailis, A. A. Fraisse, E. Franceschi, A. Frejsel, S. Galeotta, S. Galli, K. Ganga, T. Ghosh, M. Giard, E. Gjerløw, J. González-Nuevo, K. M. Górski, A. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, V. Guillet, F. K. Hansen, D. Hanson, D. L. Harrison, S. Henrot-Versillé, C. Hernández-Monteagudo, D. Herranz, S. R. Hildebrandt, E. Hivon, W. A. Holmes, W. Hovest, K. M. Huffenberger, G. Hurier, A. H. Jaffe, T. R. Jaffe, W. C. Jones, E. Keihänen, R. Keskitalo, T. S. Kisner, R. Kneissl, J. Knoche, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, J. -M. Lamarre, A. Lasenby, M. Lattanzi, C. R. Lawrence, R. Leonardi, F. Levrier, M. Liguori, P. B. Lilje, M. Linden-Vørnle, M. López-Caniego, P. M. Lubin, J. F. Macías-Pérez, B. Maffei, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, M. Maris, D. J. Marshall, P. G. Martin, E. Martínez-González, S. Masi, S. Matarrese, P. Mazzotta, A. Melchiorri, L. Mendes, A. Mennella, M. Migliaccio, M. -A. Miville-Deschênes, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, D. Mortlock, D. Munshi, J. A. Murphy, P. Naselsky, P. Natoli, H. U. Nørgaard-Nielsen, F. Noviello, D. Novikov, I. Novikov, N. Oppermann, C. A. Oxborrow, L. Pagano, F. Pajot, D. Paoletti, F. Pasian, O. Perdereau, L. Perotto, F. Perrotta, V. Pettorino, F. Piacentini, M. Piat, S. Plaszczynski, E. Pointecouteau, G. Polenta, N. Ponthieu, L. Popa, G. W. Pratt, S. Prunet, J. -L. Puget, J. P. Rachen, W. T. Reach, M. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, C. Renault, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rocha, G. Roudier, J. A. Rubiño-Martín, B. Rusholme, M. Sandri, D. Santos, G. Savini, D. Scott, J. D. Soler, L. D. Spencer, V. Stolyarov, R. Sudiwala, R. Sunyaev, D. Sutton, A. -S. Suur-Uski, J. -F. Sygnet, J. A. Tauber, L. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, M. Tomasi, M. Tristram, M. Tucci, G. Umana, L. Valenziano, J. Valiviita, B. Van Tent, P. Vielva, F. Villa, L. A. Wade, B. D. Wandelt, I. K. Wehus, H. Wiesemeyer, D. Yvon, A. Zacchei, A. Zonca
磁场在形成星际介质(ISM)中所观察到的微结构中的作用是一个有争议的话题。353 GHz尘埃线偏振辐射的普朗克全天空图提供了研究银河磁场和星际物质结构之间相关性所需的成像和统计组合,无论是在弥漫ISM还是在分子云中。这些数据揭示了强度图中的结构或脊,以及斯托克斯Q和/或U图中的对应物。我们集中在中高银河系纬度的结构,柱密度从$10^{20}$到$10^{22}$ cm $^{-2}$。我们从偏振数据中测量天空平面上的磁场方向,并提出了一种算法来从尘埃强度图中估计脊的方向。我们使用分析模型来解释投影效应。比较结构上和结构外的极化角,我们估计湍流强度和磁场平均分量之间的平均比率在0.6和1.0之间,优选值为0.8。我们发现,脊优先与结构上测量的磁场对齐。随着极化率的增加和柱密度的减小,这种趋势变得更加显著。我们解释了作为投影效应的结果的偏振分数的对齐的增加。高柱密度的对准的降低不是由于结构和磁场的几何形状之间的相关性的损失。在分子复合物中,我们观察到垂直于磁场的结构,这不能用投影效应来解释。我们讨论了我们的结果的背景下,模型和MHD模拟,它描述了磁化ISM中的结构的形成。
英文摘要:
The role of the magnetic field in the formation of the filamentary structures observed in the interstellar medium (ISM) is a debated topic. The Planck all-sky maps of linearly polarized emission from dust at 353GHz provide the required combination of imaging and statistics to study the correlation between the structures of the Galactic magnetic field and of interstellar matter, both in the diffuse ISM and in molecular clouds. The data reveal structures, or ridges, in the intensity map with counterparts in the Stokes Q and/or U maps. We focus on structures at intermediate and high Galactic latitudes with column density from $10^{20}$ to $10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$. We measure the magnetic field orientation on the plane of the sky from the polarization data, and present an algorithm to estimate the orientation of the ridges from the dust intensity map. We use analytical models to account for projection effects. Comparing polarization angles on and off the structures, we estimate the mean ratio between the strengths of the turbulent and mean components of the magnetic field to be between 0.6 and 1.0, with a preferred value of 0.8. We find that the ridges are preferentially aligned with the magnetic field measured on the structures. This trend becomes more striking for increasing polarization fraction and decreasing column density. We interpret the increase of alignment with polarization fraction as a consequence of projections effects. The decrease of alignment for high column density is not due to a loss of correlation between the structures and the geometry of the magnetic field. In molecular complexes, we observe structures perpendicular to the magnetic field, which cannot be accounted for by projection effects. We discuss our results in the context of models and MHD simulations, which describe the formation of structures in the magnetized ISM.
Planck intermediate results. XXXIII. Signature of the magnetic field geometry of interstellar filaments in dust polarization maps
普朗克在353 GHz的观测提供了第一个完全采样的星际细丝及其背景的偏振尘埃辐射图。极化数据提供了对它们的磁场(B)结构的了解。我们给出了附近三个中等柱密度(NH~ 10^22 cm ^-2)的恒星形成暗条的偏振图:Musca、B211和L1506。我们使用的空间信息,以分离斯托克斯I,Q,和U的灯丝从他们的背景,一个必要的步骤来测量的内在偏振分数(p)和角度(psi)的每个发射组件。我们发现,在三个灯丝(psi_fil)的偏振角是相干的沿其长度,而不是在其背景(psi_bg)相同。对于Musca、B211和L1506,psi_fil和psi_bg之间的差异分别为12度、6度和54度。Musca和L1506的这些差异大于psi的分散,无论是沿着细丝还是在它们的背景中。所观察到的psi的变化是B场的天空平面(POS)投影方向变化的直接证据。与以前的研究一样,我们发现NH使p降低了几个百分点。我们表明,p的下降不能解释为随机波动的方向B内的细丝,因为它们太小(sigma_psi<10度)。我们认识到尘埃排列效率和结构之间的简并性B在引起p的变化,但我们认为,从背景的灯丝的p的减少部分原因是与B的三维结构相关的去极化:它的方向在POS和相对于POS。我们无法解析暗条的内部结构,但在普朗克能达到的最小尺度(~0.2pc)下,观测到的psi和p的变化包含了暗条内B场结构的信息。
CO-dark molecular gas traced by HCO$^+$ in the diffuse interstellar medium
University of Wisconsin–Madison(威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校);National Radio Astronomy Observatory(美国国家射电天文台);Macquarie University(麦考瑞大学);CSIRO Space & Astronomy(澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织空间与天文部);Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute(韩国天文学与空间科学研究所);University of Science and Technology(科学技术大学);Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique(毫米波射电天文研究所)
Fermi-LAT gamma-ray study of the interstellar medium and cosmic rays in the Chamaeleon Molecular-Cloud Complex: A look at the dark gas as optically thick HI
我们报告了费米-LAT $γ$ -射线分析的Chamaeleon分子云复合物使用总柱密度(NH)模型的基础上,在353 GHz的尘埃光学厚度($τ_{353}$)与普朗克热尘埃发射模型。能量从250 MeV到100 GeV的伽马射线与NH模型拟合为$τ_{353}$、NH $\propto$ $τ_{353}^{1/α}$($α$ $\geq$ 1.0)的函数,以明确考虑可能的非线性$τ_{353}$ /NH比。我们发现,一个非线性关系,PDMATHABMQPDMATHABMS1.4,给出了最好的拟合$γ$射线数据.这种非线性关系可能反映了尘埃在不同气相中的演化效应。使用最佳拟合NH模型,我们推导出CO到H2的转换因子(XCO)和气体质量,考虑到NH模型的不确定性。XCO值为(0.63-0.76)$\times$ 10 $^{20}$ cm $^{-2}$ K $^{-1}$ km $^{-1}$ s,与最近对变色龙区的$γ$射线研究结果一致.总气体质量估计为(6.0-7.3)$\times$ 10 $^{4}$ Msun,其中未被标准HI或CO谱线测量追踪的附加气体质量为20- 40%。额外的气体量的30-60%的气体质量估计在光学薄HI的情况下,并具有5-7倍的质量比跟踪CO的分子气体。额外的气体的可能来源进行了讨论的基础上的情况下,光学厚HI和CO暗H2。在$\sim$的系统…
Feedback in emerging extragalactic star clusters, FEAST: The relation between 3.3 $μ$m PAH emission and Star Formation Rate traced by ionized gas in NGC 628
A Census of Na D-traced neutral ISM and outflows at $0.6<z<4$
Steward Observatory, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学斯图尔德天文台);Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学卡弗里宇宙学研究所);Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学卡文迪许实验室);DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯玻尔研究所DARK中心);Department of Physics, University of Oxford(牛津大学物理系);Scuola Normale Superiore(比萨高等师范学院);Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University(宾夕法尼亚州立大学天文学与天体物理学系);Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC–INTA(西班牙国家航空航天技术研究所/西班牙科学研究中心天体生物学中心)
The Ionized Gas in Nearby Galaxies as Traced by the [NII] 122 and 205 μm Transitions
[NII] 122和205 μm跃迁是星际介质中电离气体的强有力示踪剂。通过结合从Herschel KINGFISH和Beyond the Peak巡天中选择的21个星系的数据,我们编制了141个空间分辨区域,其典型大小为~1千秒差距,并观测了两条[NII]远红外线。我们测量了[NII] 122/205线比在~0.6-6的范围内,这对应于电子气密度$n_e$ ~1-300 cm $^{-3}$,中值为$n_e$ =30 cm $^{-3}$。单个星系内电子密度的变化可以高达~50倍,通常具有很强的径向梯度。我们发现,$n_e$增加的红外线的颜色,尘埃加权平均星光强度和恒星形成率表面密度($Σ_{SFR}$)的函数。由于[NII]跃迁的强度与电离光子通量有关,我们研究了它们作为恒星形成率(SFR)示踪剂的可靠性。我们得到的[NII]发射和SFR之间的关系在低密度限制和对数正态分布的密度的情况下。[NII]表面亮度和$Σ_{SFR}$之间的相关性的分散可以理解为$n_e$分布的性质。对于具有接近或高于[NII]线临界密度的$n_e$的区域,基于低密度极限[NII]的SFR校准系统地低估了SFR,因为[NII]发射被碰撞淬灭。最后,我们调查[NII]发射,SFR,和$n_e$之间的关系,通过比较我们的观察到的预测从MAPPINGS-III代码。
Surveying the Whirlpool at Arcseconds with NOEMA (SWAN). IV. Extent of active galactic nucleus feedback on the interstellar medium
Universität Bonn(波恩大学);Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (IGN)(国家天文台(西班牙地理与测绘研究所));The Ohio State University(俄亥俄州立大学);Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University(俄亥俄州立大学宇宙学与天体粒子物理中心);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(日本国立天文台);Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy(马克斯·普朗克射电天文研究所);University of Arkansas(阿肯色大学)
Tiny-Scale Properties within the Interstellar Medium towards PSR J1644$-$4559: I. Observational Evidence of Turbulence-induced Tiny Scale Atomic Structures
本文通过对脉冲星 PSR J1644$-$4559 的高时间采样 HI 吸收观测,首次发现微小尺度原子结构与冷中性介质湍流之间的幂律关系,并约束了湍流耗散尺度。
Unveiling the roles of thermal and nonthermal processes in the ISM & IGM structure formation and evolution of galaxies with SKAO
Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)(伊朗基础科学研究所);Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, CAS(中国科学院新疆天文台);National Radio Astronomy Observatory(美国国家射电天文台);Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy(荷兰射电天文研究所);University of Groningen(格罗宁根大学);SKA Observatory(平方公里阵列望远镜观测站);Chalmers University of Technology(查尔姆斯理工大学);University of Hamburg(汉堡大学);University of Virginia(弗吉尼亚大学)