To test and calibrate various detectors in nuclear and high energy physics experiments, a general purposed calibration instrument has been developed. All information including timing, amplitude and charge of signals can be directly obtained to calibrate detector with this instrument by amplifying and digitizing the signal waveform. The system consists of two parts, a large dynamic range pre-amplifier module and a high speed and high-resolution digitization module. The pre-amplifier module based on programmable gain amplifier and attenuator achieves gain from -26.2 dB to 24.4 dB, making it suitable to adapt to different detectors. Taking advantage of high speed and high-resolution analog-to-digit converter (ADC), the waveform digitization module samples the signal after conditioning with 12 bits resolution and up to 3.6 giga hertz samples per second (GSPS). To evaluate the feature of this instrument, an electronics testbench platform was installed and test results showed a bandwidth from direct current (DC) to 450 MHz and the effective number of bits (ENOB) is above 7 bits in high gain set and 5.8 bits in low gain set in the bandwidth range, which indicated that it had broad application prospect in detector calibration.
A front-end waveform digitization data acquisition system prototype for pulsed magnetic field generator in inertial confinement fusion is described. The pulse magnetic field is created by discharging a high-voltage capacitor through a small wire-wound coil, and the Rogowski coil is used to measure the discharge current which can describe the corresponding magnetic field waveforms. The prototype is designed to measure the signal instead of the oscilloscope through a long-distance coaxial, which is greatly affected by electromagnetic interference caused by high-power loser. The outfield test res…
We present the design of a new $μ$TCA-based waveform digitizer, which will be deployed in the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab and will allow our pileup identification requirement to be met. This digitizer features five independent channels, each with 12-bit, 800-MSPS digitization and a 1-Gbit memory buffer. The data storage and readout along with configuration are handled by six Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGAs. In addition, the digitizer is equipped with a mezzanine card for analog signal conditioning prior to digitization, further widening its range of possible applications. The performance results of …
We describe a novel ionization signal capture and waveform digitization scheme for kiloton-scale liquid argon Time Projection Chamber (TPC) detectors. The scheme is based on a pixel-scale self-triggering `charge integrate/reset' block, local clocks running at unconstrained frequencies and dynamically established data networks. The scheme facilitates detailed capture of waveforms of arbitrary complexity from a sequence of varying time intervals, each of which corresponds to a fixed charge integral. An absolute charge auto-calibration process based on intrinsic $^{39}$Ar decay current is a major…
An ultra-high-speed waveform digitizer prototype based on gigabit Ethernet has been developed. The prototype is designed to read out signals of detectors to realize the accurate measurement of various physical quantities for plasma diagnostics. The prototype includes an ultra-high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) used to realize high speed digitization, a Xilinx Kintex-7 field-programmable gate array (FPGA) used for system configuration and digital signal processing, a DDR3 memory bar for data storage, and a gigabit Ethernet transceiver for interfacing with a computer. The sampling rate…
We discuss the performance of a readout system, Fixed Pulse Shape Efficient Readout (FIPSER), to digitize signals from detectors with a fixed pulse shape. In this study we are mainly interested in the readout of fast photon detectors like photomultipliers or Silicon photomultipliers. But the concept can be equally applied to the digitization of other detector signals. FIPSER is based on the flash analog to digital converter (FADC) concept, but has the potential to lower costs and power consumption by using an order of magnitude fewer discrete voltage levels. Performance is bolstered by combini…
PSEC6: an 8-Channel 40 GSa/s Waveform Sampling ASIC in TSMC 65nm with 10.24 GHz PLL
Enrico Fermi Institute, the University of Chicago（芝加哥大学恩里科·费米研究所）；Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory（费米国家加速器实验室）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）；North Central College（北中央学院）
This note describes the design and testing of a programmable pulsatile flow pump using an Arduino micro-controller. The goal of this work is to build a compact and affordable system that can relatively easily be programmed to generate physiological waveforms. The system described here was designed to be used in an in-vitro set-up for vascular access hemodynamics research, and hence incorporates a gear pump that can deliver up to 1.5 l/min in a test flow loop. After a number of simple identification experiments to assess the dynamic behaviour of the system, a feed-forward control routine was im…
The MicroBooNE experiment is designed to observe interactions of neutrinos with a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) detector from the on-axis Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) and off-axis Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The detector consists of a $2.5~m\times 2.3~m\times 10.4~m$ TPC including an array of 32 PMTs used for triggering and timing purposes. The TPC is housed in an evacuable and foam insulated cryostat vessel. It has a 2.5 m drift length in a uniform field up to 500 V/cm. There are 3 readout wire planes (U, V and Y co-ordin…
In recent years, high speed and high resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is widely employed in many physical experiments, especially in high precision time and charge measurement. The rapid increasing amount of digitized data demands faster computing. FPGA acceleration has an attracting prospect in data process for its stream process and parallel process feature. In this paper, an ADC performance calibration application based on FPGA acceleration is described. FPGA reads the ADC digitized data stream from PC memory, processes and then writes processed result back to the PC memory. PCI…
A highly integrated, high performance, and re-configurable device, which is designed for the Nitrogen-Vacancy center based quantum applications, is reported. The digital compartment of the device is fully implemented in a Field-Programmable-Gate- Array. The digital compartment is designed to manage the multi-function digital waveform generation and the Time-to-Digital-Convertors. The device provides two Arbitrary-Waveform-Generator channels which operate at a 1 Gsps sampling rate with a maximum bandwidth of 500 MHz. There are twelve pulse channels integrated in the device with a 50 ps time res…
High-speed high-resolution Analog-to-Digital Conversion is the key part for waveform digitization in physics experiments and many other domains. This paper presents a new fully digital correction of mismatch errors among the channels in Time Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converter (TIADC) systems. We focus on correction with wide-band input signal, which means that we can correct the mismatch errors for any frequency point in a broad band with only one set of filter coefficients. Studies were also made to show how to apply the correction algorithm beyond the base band, i.e. other Nyquist zones…
A light-yield calibration of an NE 213A organic liquid scintillator detector has been performed using both monoenergetic and polyenergetic gamma-ray sources. Scintillation light was detected in a photomultiplier tube, and the corresponding pulses were subjected to waveform digitization on an event-by-event basis. The resulting Compton edges have been analyzed using a Geant4 simulation of the detector which models both the interactions of the ionizing radiation as well as the transport of scintillation photons. The simulation is calibrated and also compared to well-established prescriptions use…
Imperfections in analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) cannot be ignored when signal digitization requirements demand both wide dynamic range and high resolution, as is the case for the Majorana Demonstrator 76Ge neutrinoless double beta decay search. Enabling the experiment's high-resolution spectral analysis and efficient pulse shape discrimination required careful measurement and correction of ADC nonlinearites. A simple measurement protocol was developed that did not require sophisticated equipment or lengthy data taking campaigns. A slope-dependent hysteresis was observed and characterized. …
Back-n is a white neutron experimental facility at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The time structure of the primary proton beam make it fully applicable to use TOF (time-of-flight) method for neutron energy measuring. We implement the electronics of TOF measurement on the general-purpose readout electronics designed for all of the seven detectors in Back-n. The electronics is based on PXIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express eXtensions for Instrumentation) platform, which is composed of FDM (Field Digitizer Modules), TCM (Trigger and Clock Module), and SCM (Signal Conditioning …
