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arXiv 1802.08591eess.SP
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实际条件下毫米波手机天线阵列总增益

Total Array Gains of Millimeter-Wave Mobile Phone Antennas Under Practical Conditions

Katsuyuki Haneda, Mikko Heino, Jan Järveläinen

摘要:

本文研究了工作在毫米波射频的移动终端上的天线阵的增益。假设在毫米波范围的移动电话与单个基带单元和模拟波束形成类似相控阵列地操作,我们定义总阵列增益,其表示超过全向路径增益的相控阵列的路径增益。阵列总增益避免了传统阵列增益的模糊性,因为在阵列中存在多个参考单元件天线的选择,所以传统阵列增益不能唯一地定义。在移动电话机壳上实现的两种类型的8元件贴片天线阵列,即,研究了工作在60 GHz的均匀线阵和分布阵的天线性能。在机场的小小区场景中评估的增益表明,DA实现了更高的中位数和中断增益高达8和6 dB时,被认为是随着身体躯干和手指阴影的移动电话的不同方向比DAF。由于贴片天线的方向性以及身体和手指的阴影,移动电话总是存在这样的姿势,其中用户无法看到视线,从而在最坏情况下导致-15 dB的中断增益。DA在电话的不同取向上具有小得多的增益变化,即使在考虑人体躯干阴影和用户手指效应时也是如此。

英文摘要:

This paper studies a gain of an antenna array embedded on a mobile device operating at a millimeter-wave radio frequency. Assuming that mobile phones at millimeter-wave range operate with a single baseband unit and analog beamforming like phased arrays, we define a total array gain denoting a path gain of the phased antenna array in excess to the omni-directional path gain. The total array gain circumvents the ambiguity of conventional array gain which cannot be uniquely defined as there are multiple choices of a reference single-element antenna in an array. Two types of 8-element patch antenna arrays implemented on a mobile phone chassis, i.e., uniform linear array (ULA) and distributed array (DA) both operating at 60 GHz, are studied. The gain evaluated in a small-cell scenario in an airport shows that DA achieves higher median and outage gain by up to 8 and 6 dB than ULA when different orientations of the mobile phone are considered along with body torso and finger shadowing. There are always postures of the mobile phone where ULA cannot see the line-of-sight due to directionality of the patch antenna and of body and finger shadowing, leading to outage gain of -15 dB in the worst case. The DA has much smaller variation of the gain across different orientations of the phone, even when the human torso shadowing and user's finger effects are considered.

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