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arXiv 1801.06237cs.DScs.DC
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少数排除网络族允许快速分布式算法

Minor Excluded Network Families Admit Fast Distributed Algorithms

Bernhard Haeupler, Jason Li, Goran Zuzic

摘要:

最小生成树、最小割、最短路径等分布式网络优化算法是分布式计算中的一个研究热点。本文提出了一种快速分布式算法,这样的问题,在CONGEST模型,网络上,排除一个固定的未成年人。在一般图上,许多优化问题,包括上面提到的问题,需要在CONGEST模型中进行$\tildeΩ(\sqrt n)$轮通信,即使网络图的直径小得多。自然地,算法设计的下一步是设计有效的算法,绕过这一限制类图的下限。目前,唯一已知的方法是使用Ghaffari和Haeupler的低拥塞捷径框架[SODA'16]。在他们工作的基础上,本文证明了排除子图允许高质量的捷径,从而为上述问题提供了一个$\tilde O(D^2)$轮算法,其中$D$是网络图的直径。为了处理排除的子图族,我们利用Robertson和Seymour的图结构定理。据我们所知,这是第一次图结构定理已被用于分布式设置中的算法结果。即使涉及到证明,仅仅证明存在好的捷径就足以获得简单,有效的分布式算法。特别是,捷径框架可以有效地构造近似最优捷径,然后使用它们来解决优化问题。这一点,结合非常普遍的家庭排除未成年人的图,其中包括大多数其他重要的图形类,使这一结果的重大利益。

英文摘要:

Distributed network optimization algorithms, such as minimum spanning tree, minimum cut, and shortest path, are an active research area in distributed computing. This paper presents a fast distributed algorithm for such problems in the CONGEST model, on networks that exclude a fixed minor. On general graphs, many optimization problems, including the ones mentioned above, require $\tildeΩ(\sqrt n)$ rounds of communication in the CONGEST model, even if the network graph has a much smaller diameter. Naturally, the next step in algorithm design is to design efficient algorithms which bypass this lower bound on a restricted class of graphs. Currently, the only known method of doing so uses the low-congestion shortcut framework of Ghaffari and Haeupler [SODA'16]. Building off of their work, this paper proves that excluded minor graphs admit high-quality shortcuts, leading to an $\tilde O(D^2)$ round algorithm for the aforementioned problems, where $D$ is the diameter of the network graph. To work with excluded minor graph families, we utilize the Graph Structure Theorem of Robertson and Seymour. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the Graph Structure Theorem has been used for an algorithmic result in the distributed setting. Even though the proof is involved, merely showing the existence of good shortcuts is sufficient to obtain simple, efficient distributed algorithms. In particular, the shortcut framework can efficiently construct near-optimal shortcuts and then use them to solve the optimization problems. This, combined with the very general family of excluded minor graphs, which includes most other important graph classes, makes this result of significant interest.

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