arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1801.04397math.CO
收藏

置换的峰和双降的上下文无关文法

A Context-free Grammar for Peaks and Double Descents of Permutations

Amy M. Fu

摘要:

本文研究了$[n] =\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$上置换的外峰数与真双降数的联合分布。置换的外峰的概念是由Aguiar、Bergeron和Nyman在他们研究峰代数时引入的。Gessel得到了$[n]$上具有给定外峰数的排列数的母函数。另一方面,Elizalde和Noy通过建立微分方程,导出了在给定的真双下降数下,$[n]$上排列数的生成函数。Barry和Basset独立地推导出了$[n]$上排列数的生成函数,没有适当的双下降。我们找到了一个上下文无关的文法,它可以用来计算置换数的$[n]$与给定数量的外部峰和一个给定数量的适当的双下降。基于该文法,可以很容易地得到$[n]$上置换数与给定外峰数的递推关系。此外,我们使用文法演算来推导母函数,而不需要解微分方程。我们的公式简化为Gessel、Elizalde-Noy、Barry和Basset的公式。最后,从文法上建立了我们的生成函数与Carlitz和Scoville导出的峰数和双下降数的联合分布的生成函数之间的关系。

英文摘要:

This paper is concerned with the joint distribution of the number of exterior peaks and the number of proper double descents over permutations on $[n] =\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. The notion of exterior peaks of a permutation was introduced by Aguiar, Bergeron and Nyman in their study of the peak algebra. Gessel obtained the generating function of the number of permutations on $[n]$ with a given number of exterior peaks. On the other hand, by establishing differential equations, Elizalde and Noy derived the generating function for the number of permutations on $[n]$ with a given number of proper double descents. Barry and Basset independently deduced the generating function of the number of permutations on $[n]$ with no proper double descents. We find a context-free grammar which can be used to compute the number of permutations on $[n]$ with a given number of exterior peaks and a given number of proper double descents. Based on the grammar, the recurrence relation of the number of permutations on $[n]$ with a given number of exterior peaks can be easily obtained. Moreover, we use the grammatical calculus to derive the generating function without solving differential equations. Our formula reduces to the formulas of Gessel, Elizalde-Noy, Barry, and Basset. Finally, from the grammar we establish a relationship between our generating function and the generating function of the joint distribution of the number of peaks and the number of double descent derived by Carlitz and Scoville.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑