arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1708.08652cond-mat.softcond-mat.stat-mechphysics.bio-ph
收藏

活性物质的统计物理学:从自催化胶体到活细胞

The statistical physics of active matter: from self-catalytic colloids to living cells

Étienne Fodor, M. Cristina Marchetti

摘要:

这些课堂讲稿的目的是提供对活性物质现象学的简要介绍,并介绍一些用来合理化活性系统涌现行为的分析工具。这样的系统是由相互作用的代理人能够提取存储在环境中的能量,以产生持续的定向运动。能量到机械功的局部转换使系统远离平衡,产生新的动力学和相。新兴的现象可以根据活跃粒子的对称性和微观相互作用的类型进行分类。我们在这里集中在空间和对齐的相互作用,以及形状变化驱动的相互作用。我们提出的模型都是受到合成,仿生或生命系统的实验实现的启发。基于最小的成分,他们是为了带来一个简单的和综合的理解复杂的现象学的活性物质。

英文摘要:

These lecture notes are designed to provide a brief introduction into the phenomenology of active matter and to present some of the analytical tools used to rationalize the emergent behavior of active systems. Such systems are made of interacting agents able to extract energy stored in the environment to produce sustained directed motion. The local conversion of energy into mechanical work drives the system far from equilibrium, yielding new dynamics and phases. The emerging phenomena can be classified depending on the symmetry of the active particles and on the type of microscopic interactions. We focus here on steric and aligning interactions, as well as interactions driven by shape changes. The models that we present are all inspired by experimental realizations of either synthetic, biomimetic or living systems. Based on minimal ingredients, they are meant to bring a simple and synthetic understanding of the complex phenomenology of active matter.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑