催化胶体间的非平衡相互作用：边界条件和穿透深度
Non-Equilibrium Interaction Between Catalytic Colloids: Boundary Conditions and Penetration Depth
摘要：
催化溶质分子$A$和$B$之间的相互转化反应$A \leftrightharpoons B$的球形胶体由于溶质浓度的不均匀场而有效地相互作用，所述溶质分子的浓度在无穷远处保持远离平衡。我们表明，这种长距离的$1/r$相互作用是通过一种机制，表面上令人联想到，但定性非常不同的静电屏蔽：催化活性驱动溶质分子的浓度向其平衡值，并减少化学不平衡，驱动胶体之间的相互作用。施加的非平衡边界条件引起各种几何形状相关的情景;而长距离相互作用被抑制（除了有限的渗透深度），它们可以以准2D几何形状存在，其中胶体而不是溶质被限制在表面，导致形成簇或维格纳晶体，这取决于胶体之间相互作用的符号。
英文摘要：
Spherical colloids that catalyze the interconversion reaction $A \leftrightharpoons B$ between solute molecules $A$ and $B$ whose concentration at infinity is maintained away from equilibrium effectively interact due to the non-uniform fields of solute concentrations. We show that this long range $1/r$ interaction is suppressed via a mechanism that is superficially reminiscent but qualitatively very different from electrostatic screening: catalytic activity drives the concentrations of solute molecules towards their equilibrium values and reduces the chemical imbalance that drives the interaction between the colloids. The imposed non-equilibrium boundary conditions give rise to a variety of geometry-dependent scenarios; while long-range interactions are suppressed (except for a finite penetration depth) in the bulk of the colloid solution in 3D, they can persist in quasi-2D geometry in which the colloids but not the solutes are confined to a surface, resulting in the formation of clusters or Wigner crystals, depending on the sign of the interaction between colloids.
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