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arXiv 1708.01552quant-ph
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量子测量中的分岔

Bifurcation in Quantum Measurement

Karl-Erik Eriksson, Martin Cederwall, Kristian Lindgren, Erik Sjöqvist

摘要:

我们提出了一个通用的(非破坏性)量子测量模型。在可逆量子力学中,该模型说明了测量过程的一种机制--被测系统向被测可观测系统的本征态的转变。该模型由一个两级系统$μ$与一个更大的系统$A$,更小的子系统组成的相互作用。的相互作用被建模为一个散射过程。将$A$的状态限制为乘积状态会导致分叉过程:在大系统$A$的极限中,有效导致最终状态的$A$的初始状态被分成两个分离的子集。对于这些子集中的每一个,$μ$最终处于所测量的可观测的本征态之一中。在这个分支中得到的概率证实了玻恩规则。

英文摘要:

We present a generic model of (non-destructive) quantum measurement. Being formulated within reversible quantum mechanics, the model illustrates a mechanism of a measurement process --- a transition of the measured system to an eigenstate of the measured observable. The model consists of a two-level system $μ$ interacting with a larger system $A$, consisting of smaller subsystems. The interaction is modelled as a scattering process. Restricting the states of $A$ to product states leads to a bifurcation process: In the limit of a large system $A$, the initial states of $A$ that are efficient in leading to a final state are divided into two separated subsets. For each of these subsets, $μ$ ends up in one of the eigenstates of the measured observable. The probabilities obtained in this branching confirm the Born rule.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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