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arXiv 1707.04731cs.GT
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公平有效的分配

Finding Fair and Efficient Allocations

Siddharth Barman, Sanath Kumar Krishnamurthy, Rohit Vaish

摘要:

我们研究的问题分配一组不可分割的货物之间的一组代理商在一个公平和有效的方式。如果一种分配在一种商品(EF 1)之内是无嫉妒的,那么这种分配就是公平的。这意味着,在一种商品被移除之前,每个代理人都更喜欢自己的捆绑包,而不是任何其他代理人的捆绑包。此外,如果分配满足帕累托最优(PO),则认为它是有效的。虽然这些经过充分研究的属性中的每一个都很容易单独实现,但将它们一起实现却远非显而易见。最近,Caragiannis et al.(2016)建立了一个令人惊讶的结果,即当代理人对商品具有附加价值时,总是存在一个同时满足这两个看似不相容的属性的分配。具体来说,他们表明,最大化纳什社会福利(NSW)目标的分配是EF 1和PO。然而,最大化NSW的问题是NP难的。结果,该方法没有提供用于找到公平且有效的分配的有效算法。在本文中,我们绕过这一障碍,并制定了一个伪多项式时间算法,找到分配是EF 1和PO,特别是,当估值有界,我们的算法发现这样的分配在多项式时间。此外,与Caragiannis et al.(2016)相比,我们建立了一个更强的存在性结果:对于加法估值,总是存在EF 1和分数PO的分配。我们的工作的另一个贡献是表明,我们的算法提供了一个多项式时间1.45近似的NSW目标。这改进了该问题的最佳已知近似比(即Cole等人的2-近似算法(2017))。与许多现有的方法,我们的算法是完全组合。

英文摘要:

We study the problem of allocating a set of indivisible goods among a set of agents in a fair and efficient manner. An allocation is said to be fair if it is envy-free up to one good (EF1), which means that each agent prefers its own bundle over the bundle of any other agent up to the removal of one good. In addition, an allocation is deemed efficient if it satisfies Pareto optimality (PO). While each of these well-studied properties is easy to achieve separately, achieving them together is far from obvious. Recently, Caragiannis et al. (2016) established the surprising result that when agents have additive valuations for the goods, there always exists an allocation that simultaneously satisfies these two seemingly incompatible properties. Specifically, they showed that an allocation that maximizes the Nash social welfare (NSW) objective is both EF1 and PO. However, the problem of maximizing NSW is NP-hard. As a result, this approach does not provide an efficient algorithm for finding a fair and efficient allocation. In this paper, we bypass this barrier, and develop a pseudopolynomial time algorithm for finding allocations that are EF1 and PO; in particular, when the valuations are bounded, our algorithm finds such an allocation in polynomial time. Furthermore, we establish a stronger existence result compared to Caragiannis et al. (2016): For additive valuations, there always exists an allocation that is EF1 and fractionally PO. Another contribution of our work is to show that our algorithm provides a polynomial-time 1.45-approximation to the NSW objective. This improves upon the best known approximation ratio for this problem (namely, the 2-approximation algorithm of Cole et al. (2017)). Unlike many of the existing approaches, our algorithm is completely combinatorial.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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