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arXiv 1204.4286cs.GT
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公平分配,无贸易

Fair Allocation Without Trade

Avital Gutman, Noam Nisan

摘要:

我们认为,在不同的代理人之间的方式,是有效和公平的分配项目的古老问题。Dolev等人和Ghodsi等人的两篇论文,最近在计算机系统的背景下研究了这个问题。这两篇论文都有类似的代理偏好模型,但主张不同的公平概念。我们正式的公平概念在经济方面,将其扩展到适用于一个更大的家庭的公用事业。注意到,在设置这样的公用事业效率很容易实现多种方式,我们研究公平的概念作为标准,选择不同的有效分配。我们的技术结果是用于找到对应于两个公平概念的公平分配的算法:关于Ghodsi等人提出的概念,我们提出了一种多项式时间算法,该算法计算一般类公平性概念的分配,其中包括它们的概念。对于另一个,由Dolev等人提出,我们表明,竞争性的市场均衡实现所需的公平性的概念,从而获得一个多项式时间算法,计算这样一个公平的分配和解决的主要开放问题提出的Dolev等人。

英文摘要:

We consider the age-old problem of allocating items among different agents in a way that is efficient and fair. Two papers, by Dolev et al. and Ghodsi et al., have recently studied this problem in the context of computer systems. Both papers had similar models for agent preferences, but advocated different notions of fairness. We formalize both fairness notions in economic terms, extending them to apply to a larger family of utilities. Noting that in settings with such utilities efficiency is easily achieved in multiple ways, we study notions of fairness as criteria for choosing between different efficient allocations. Our technical results are algorithms for finding fair allocations corresponding to two fairness notions: Regarding the notion suggested by Ghodsi et al., we present a polynomial-time algorithm that computes an allocation for a general class of fairness notions, in which their notion is included. For the other, suggested by Dolev et al., we show that a competitive market equilibrium achieves the desired notion of fairness, thereby obtaining a polynomial-time algorithm that computes such a fair allocation and solving the main open problem raised by Dolev et al.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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