arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2005.14122cs.GT
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两全其美:资源分配的事前公平与事后公平

Best of Both Worlds: Ex-Ante and Ex-Post Fairness in Resource Allocation

Rupert Freeman, Nisarg Shah, Rohit Vaish

摘要:

研究了具有可加性估值的不可分商品在代理人之间的分配问题。当随机化被允许时,就有可能实现令人信服的公平概念,例如无嫉妒,即任何代理人都不应该喜欢任何其他代理人的分配。当分配必须是确定性的,实现精确的公平是不可能的,但近似的概念,如嫉妒自由到一个好可以保证。我们在这项工作中的目标是同时实现这两个,通过构建一个随机分配,是完全公平的事前和近似公平的事后。我们要解决的关键问题是,事前的无嫉妒是否可以与事后的无嫉妒结合起来实现。我们通过设计一个同时实现这两个属性的有效算法来解决这个问题。如果我们另外要求经济效率,我们得到一个不可能的结果。然而,我们表明,经济效率和事前嫉妒免费可以同时实现,如果我们稍微放松我们的事后公平保证。在我们的方式,我们的特点是著名的最大纳什福利分配规则,最近推出的公平性保证,适用于群体的代理,而不仅仅是个人。

英文摘要:

We study the problem of allocating indivisible goods among agents with additive valuations. When randomization is allowed, it is possible to achieve compelling notions of fairness such as envy-freeness, which states that no agent should prefer any other agent's allocation to her own. When allocations must be deterministic, achieving exact fairness is impossible but approximate notions such as envy-freeness up to one good can be guaranteed. Our goal in this work is to achieve both simultaneously, by constructing a randomized allocation that is exactly fair ex-ante and approximately fair ex-post. The key question we address is whether ex-ante envy-freeness can be achieved in combination with ex-post envy-freeness up to one good. We settle this positively by designing an efficient algorithm that achieves both properties simultaneously. If we additionally require economic efficiency, we obtain an impossibility result. However, we show that economic efficiency and ex-ante envy-freeness can be simultaneously achieved if we slightly relax our ex-post fairness guarantee. On our way, we characterize the well-known Maximum Nash Welfare allocation rule in terms of a recently introduced fairness guarantee that applies to groups of agents, not just individuals.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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