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arXiv 2109.12401cs.GT
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动态需求下主导资源公平配置的激励机制

Incentives in Dominant Resource Fair Allocation under Dynamic Demands

Giannis Fikioris, Rachit Agarwal, Éva Tardos

摘要:

每个计算机系统--从云中的服务器(例如Amazon)到计算机网络再到操作系统--都在系统用户之间执行资源分配。事实上的分配政策是最大-最小公平性(MMF)的单一资源和主导资源公平性(DRF)的多个资源,保证属性,如激励兼容性,无嫉妒,帕累托效率,假设用户需求是静态的(时间无关)。然而,在现实世界的系统中,用户的需求是动态的,即依赖于时间。结果,现在在计算机系统的目标和由经典资源分配策略实现的属性之间存在根本的不匹配。我们的目标是弥合这种不匹配。当需求是动态的时,即时的MMF在较长的时间段内可能是非常不公平的,即导致不平衡的用户分配,因为先前的分配在当前没有效果。我们认为一个自然的推广多个资源和用户的动态需求的MMF和DRF:该算法确保用户分配尽可能最大最小公平的任何时刻,过去的分配。这种动态机制仍然是帕累托最优的,没有嫉妒,但不激励兼容。然而,我们的研究结果表明,可能增加的效用误报是有限的,因为这可能会导致显着减少整体有用的分配,这表明它不是一个有用的策略。我们的主要结果是表明,我们的动态DRF算法是$(1+ρ)$激励兼容,其中$ρ$量化的相对重要性的资源为不同的用户,我们表明,这个因素是紧密的,即使只有两个资源。我们还提出了一个$3/2$上限和$\sqrt 2$下限的激励兼容时,只有一个资源。我们还提供了扩展的情况下,当用户加权,以不同的优先级。

英文摘要:

Every computer system -- from schedulers in clouds (e.g. Amazon) to computer networks to operating systems -- performs resource allocation across system users. The defacto allocation policies are max-min fairness (MMF) for single resources and dominant resource fairness (DRF) for multiple resources which guarantee properties like incentive compatibility, envy-freeness, and Pareto efficiency, assuming user demands are static (time-independent). However, in real-world systems, user demands are dynamic, i.e. time-dependant. As a result, there is now a fundamental mismatch between the goals of computer systems and the properties enabled by classic resource allocation policies. We aim to bridge this mismatch. When demands are dynamic, instant-by-instant MMF can be extremely unfair over longer periods of time, i.e. lead to unbalanced user allocations as previous allocations have no effect in the present. We consider a natural generalization of MMF and DRF for multiple resources and users with dynamic demands: this algorithm ensures that user allocations are as max-min fair as possible up to any time instant, given past allocations. This dynamic mechanism remains Pareto optimal and envy-free, but not incentive compatible. However, our results show that the possible increase in utility by misreporting is bounded and, since this can lead to significant decrease in overall useful allocation, this suggests that it is not a useful strategy. Our main result is to show that our dynamic DRF algorithm is $(1+ρ)$-incentive compatible, where $ρ$ quantifies the relative importance of a resource for different users; we show that this factor is tight even with only two resources. We also present a $3/2$ upper bound and a $\sqrt 2$ lower bound for incentive compatibility when there is only one resource. We also offer extensions for the case when users are weighted to prioritize them differently.

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