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arXiv 1608.06258astro-ph.IM
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大型X射线定时观测站(LOFT-P):探测级任务概念研究

Large Observatory for x-ray Timing (LOFT-P): A Probe-classs Mission Concept Study

Colleen A. Wilson-Hodge, Paul S. Ray, Deepto Chakrabarty, Marco Feroci, Laura Alvarez, Michael Baysinger, Chris Becker, Enrico Bozzo, Soren Brandt, Billy Carson… 展开作者

Colleen A. Wilson-Hodge, Paul S. Ray, Deepto Chakrabarty, Marco Feroci, Laura Alvarez, Michael Baysinger, Chris Becker, Enrico Bozzo, Soren Brandt, Billy Carson, Jack Chapman, Alexandra Dominguez, Leo Fabisinski, Bert Gangl, Jay Garcia, Christopher Griffith, Margarita Hernanz, Robert Hickman, Randall Hopkins, Michelle Hui, Luster Ingram, Peter Jenke, Seppo Korpela, Tom Maccarone, Malgorzata Michalska, Martin Pohl, Andrea Santangelo, Stephane Schanne, Andrew Schnell, Luigi Stella, Michiel van der Klis, Anna Watts, Berend Winter, Silvia Zane

摘要:

LOFT-P是NASA天体物理探测级(<10亿美元)X射线计时任务的概念,基于最初向ESA M3和M4提出的LOFT概念。LOFT-P需要非常大的收集面积(>6 m^2,> 10 x RXTE),高时间分辨率,良好的光谱分辨率,宽波段光谱覆盖(2-30 keV),高度灵活的调度,以及及时发现和响应时间关键目标的能力。它解决了科学问题,如:什么是超密度物质的状态方程?强引力对螺旋进入黑洞的物质有什么影响?它将优化为亚毫秒计时,以研究中子星表面和黑洞事件视界自然时标的现象,并测量黑洞的质量和自旋。这些测量是协同成像和高分辨率光谱仪器,解决更小的距离尺度比可能没有很长的基线X射线干涉测量,并使用互补技术来解决发射区域的几何形状和动态。天空监测器(2-50 keV)作为定点观测的触发器,提供高占空比、高时间分辨率的X射线天空监测,灵敏度约为RXTE全天监测器的20倍,能够进行多波长和多信使研究。探测级飞行任务概念将采用轻型准直仪技术和大面积固态探测器,这些技术最近在欧空局M3研究期间得到了极大的发展。鉴于对LOFT感兴趣的大型社区(>800名支持者),预计该任务的科学生产力非常高,类似于或大于RXTE(约2000篇参考文献)。我们描述了一项研究的结果,最近完成的MSFC先进概念办公室,表明LOFT-P是可行的NASA探测级任务预算。

英文摘要:

LOFT-P is a concept for a NASA Astrophysics Probe-Class (<$1B) X-ray timing mission, based on the LOFT concept originally proposed to ESAs M3 and M4 calls. LOFT-P requires very large collecting area (>6 m^2, >10x RXTE), high time resolution, good spectral resolution, broad-band spectral coverage (2-30 keV), highly flexible scheduling, and an ability to detect and respond promptly to time-critical targets of opportunity. It addresses science questions such as: What is the equation of state of ultra dense matter? What are the effects of strong gravity on matter spiraling into black holes? It would be optimized for sub-millisecond timing to study phenomena at the natural timescales of neutron star surfaces and black hole event horizons and to measure mass and spin of black holes. These measurements are synergistic to imaging and high-resolution spectroscopy instruments, addressing much smaller distance scales than are possible without very long baseline X-ray interferometry, and using complementary techniques to address the geometry and dynamics of emission regions. A sky monitor (2-50 keV) acts as a trigger for pointed observations, providing high duty cycle, high time resolution monitoring of the X-ray sky with ~20 times the sensitivity of the RXTE All-Sky Monitor, enabling multi-wavelength and multi-messenger studies. A probe-class mission concept would employ lightweight collimator technology and large-area solid-state detectors, technologies which have been recently greatly advanced during the ESA M3 study. Given the large community interested in LOFT (>800 supporters, the scientific productivity of this mission is expected to be very high, similar to or greater than RXTE (~2000 refereed publications). We describe the results of a study, recently completed by the MSFC Advanced Concepts Office, that demonstrates that LOFT-P is feasible within a NASA probe-class mission budget.

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