S. Brandt, M. Hernanz, L. Alvarez, P. Azzarello, D. Barret, E. Bozzo, Budtz-Jørgensen, R. Campana, E. del Monte, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, M. Feroci, J. L.… 展开作者
S. Brandt, M. Hernanz, L. Alvarez, P. Azzarello, D. Barret, E. Bozzo, Budtz-Jørgensen, R. Campana, E. del Monte, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, M. Feroci, J. L. Galvez Sanchez, D. Götz, F. Hansen, J. W. den Herder, R. Hudec, J. Huovelin, D. Karelin, S. Korpela, N. Lund, P. Orleanski, M. Pohl, A. Rachevski, A. Santangelo, S. Schanne, C. Schmid, S. Suchy, C. Tenzer, A. Vacchi, J. Wilms, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, J. in't Zand, A. Zdziarski
LOFT (Large Observatory For x-ray Timing) is one of the four missions selected in 2011 for assessment study for the ESA M3 mission in the Cosmic Vision program, expected to be launched in 2024. The LOFT mission will carry two instruments with their prime sensitivity in the 2-30 keV range: a 10 m^2 class large area detector (LAD) with a <1° collimated field of view and a wide field monitor (WFM) instrument based on the coded mask principle, providing coverage of more than 1/3 of the sky. The LAD will provide an effective area ~20 times larger than any previous mission and will by timing studies be able to address fundamental questions about strong gravity in the vicinity of black holes and the equation of state of nuclear matter in neutron stars. The prime goal of the WFM will be to detect transient sources to be observed by the LAD. However, with its wide field of view and good energy resolution of <300 eV, the WFM will be an excellent monitoring instrument to study long term variability of many classes of X-ray sources. The sensitivity of the WFM will be 2.1 mCrab in a one day observation, and 270 mCrab in 3s in observations of in the crowded field of the Galactic Center. The high duty cycle of the instrument will make it an ideal detector of fast transient phenomena, like X-ray bursters, soft gamma repeaters, terrestrial gamma flashes, and not least provide unique capabilities in the study of gamma ray bursts. A dedicated burst alert system will enable the distribution to the community of ~100 gamma ray burst positions per year with a ~1 arcmin location accuracy within 30 s of the burst. This paper provides an overview of the design, configuration, and capabilities of the LOFT WFM instrument.
The digital data processing concepts of the LOFT mission
大型X射线计时天文台(LOFT)是欧空局考虑用于M3任务的五个候选任务之一(发射机会在2022 - 2024年)。LOFT有两种仪器:大面积探测器(LAD)和宽视场监视器(WFM)。LAD是一种10 m 2级仪器,其收集面积约为迄今为止最大定时任务(RXTE)的15倍,首次结合CCD级光谱分辨率。WFM将持续监测天空并识别源状态的变化,检测瞬态和突发现象,并允许任务对此做出响应。使用LAD的有效面积观测最亮的X射线源会导致巨大的数据速率,这些数据速率需要在多个级别上进行处理,并在船上实时进行过滤和压缩。另一方面,WFM数据处理对数据速率的约束相当低,但需要算法来找到探测器上的光子相互作用位置,然后对探测器图像进行去卷积,以获得观测到的瞬态源的天空坐标。在下文中,我们将概述在研究阶段开发的数据处理概念。
Design and performance of the coded mask for the Lunar Electromagnetic Monitor in X-rays (LEM-X)
INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali(意大利国家天体物理研究所,空间天体物理学与行星学研究所);INFN, Sez. Roma Tor Vergata(意大利国家核物理研究所,罗马托维加塔分部);University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Dept. of Physics(罗马大学,物理系);INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma(意大利国家天体物理研究所,罗马天文台);Agenzia Spaziale Italiana(意大利航天局);INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio(意大利国家天体物理研究所,天体物理学与空间科学观测站);INFN, Sez. Bologna(意大利国家核物理研究所,博洛尼亚分部)
Simulations of a 2 x 1.5D coded aperture camera for X-ray astronomy
SRON Space Research Organization Netherlands(荷兰空间研究所);INAF-IAPS Roma(罗马国家天体物理研究所);Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC)(空间科学研究所);Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)(加泰罗尼亚空间研究学院)
本文研究了用于X射线天文观测的2 x 1.5D编码孔径相机的设计与性能,采用IROS和MLM两种解码算法,旨在提高X射线源识别和观测精度。
Continuous Wide-Field Optical Monitoring for Very Early-Phase Transient Discovery
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte(意大利国家天体物理研究所卡波迪蒙特天文台);INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova(意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台);INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Milano(意大利国家天体物理研究所布雷拉天文台(米兰));INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo(意大利国家天体物理研究所巴勒莫天文台);INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma(意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台);INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Catania(意大利国家天体物理研究所卡塔尼亚天文台);INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari(意大利国家天体物理研究所卡利亚里天文台);INAF – Osservatorio di astrofisica e scienza dello spazio(意大利国家天体物理研究所天体物理学与空间科学观测站);Dip.to di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova(帕多瓦大学物理与天文学系)
Multiplexing lobster-eye optics: a concept for wide-field X-ray monitoring
我们提出了一个多路复用龙虾眼(MuLE)光学的概念,以实现龙虾眼(LE)宽视场X射线监视器的焦平面成像器的数量显着减少。在MuLE配置中,LE镜被分成几个部分,并且在这些部分中的每一个上反射的X射线被聚焦在多路复用配置中的单个图像传感器上。如果每个LE段假定不同的旋转角,则通过LE光学器件从点源重建的十字形图像的方位角旋转角识别将X射线聚焦在成像器上的特定段。焦距为30 cm,LE段面积为10 x 10 cm ^2,约1 sr的天空可以用36个LE段和4个成像器(总面积为10 x 10 cm ^2)覆盖。进行了光线跟踪模拟以评估九段MuLE配置。模拟结果表明,对于持续时间为100 s的瞬态,与5 σ检测限相关的通量(0.5 ~ 2 keV)约为2 x 10^-10 erg cm^-2 s^-1(10 mCrab)。模拟还表明,在14至17 mCrab的范围内,在0.6 keV的通量的瞬态的方向被正确地确定与99.7%的置信限。我们的结论是,MuLE配置可以成为一个有效的小卫星上的设备,为未来的X射线宽场瞬态监测。
SOLO: wide-field asteroid light curve monitoring system for SPHEREx
Seoul National University(首尔大学);Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute(韩国天文与空间科学研究所);Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室);Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, CNRS, Institut UTINAM (UMR 6213)(玛丽和路易·巴斯德大学、法国国家科学研究中心、UTINAM研究所);Luleå University of Technology(吕勒奥理工大学)
Exploring the Dynamic X-ray Universe (Summarising report of the ISSI-BJ Forum on monitoring the transient X-ray Universe in the multi-messenger era, Beijing, May 6-7, 2014)
Serendipitous and targeted mm/sub-mm transient searches with wide-FOV telescope
NTNU(挪威科技大学);University of Geneva(日内瓦大学);Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所);NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics(国家研究委员会赫尔伯格天文学与天体物理学研究所);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心);Catholic University of America(美利坚天主教大学);Institute of Particle and Cosmos Physics, Univ. Complutense de Madrid(马德里康普顿斯大学粒子与宇宙物理研究所);University of Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚大学)