LOFT突发告警系统及其突发车载触发器
The LOFT Burst Alert System and its Burst On-board Trigger
摘要：
欧空局M3候选飞行任务LOFT X射线计时大型天文台（Large Observatory For X-ray Timing）是一个通过观测黑洞双星、中子星系统和超大质量黑洞等致密天体来研究强引力场的天文仪器（大面积探测器），对2至50 keV的X射线敏感，提供非常大的有效面积（>10 m2），但视场较小（<1°）。与此同时，由5对编码掩模照相机（2-50 keV）组成的第二台仪器WFM（宽场监视器）监视大部分天空，以便探测和定位喷发源，在地面命令卫星重新指向后用LAD进行观察。由于其大视场（>π sr），WFM实际上可以探测到所有类型的瞬态源，包括伽马射线暴（GRB），这是世界范围内观察者社区的主要兴趣。然而，用地面望远镜观测快速衰减的伽玛射线暴余辉需要快速了解它们的精确位置。因此，阁楼爆发警报系统（LBAS）的任务是近实时地探测伽马射线暴（预计每年约120次探测）和其他瞬变源，并通过VHF天线网络在不到30秒的时间内将其定位传递给观察者。实时全分辨率数据下载到地面是不可能的，实时数据处理是由LBOT（LOFT突发机载触发系统）进行的。在这篇文章中，我们介绍了LBAS及其组件，LBOT和相关的地面段。
英文摘要：
The ESA M3 candidate mission LOFT (Large Observatory For x-ray Timing) has been designed to study strong gravitational fields by observing compact objects, such as black-hole binaries or neutron-star systems and supermassive black-holes, based on the temporal analysis of photons collected by the primary instrument LAD (Large Area Detector), sensitive to X-rays from 2 to 50 keV, offering a very large effective area (>10 m 2 ), but a small field of view (ø<1°). Simultaneously the second instrument WFM (Wide Field Monitor), composed of 5 coded-mask camera pairs (2-50 keV), monitors a large part of the sky, in order to detect and localize eruptive sources, to be observed with the LAD after ground-commanded satellite repointing. With its large field of view (>π sr), the WFM actually detects all types of transient sources, including Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), which are of primary interest for a world-wide observers community. However, observing the quickly decaying GRB afterglows with ground-based telescopes needs the rapid knowledge of their precise localization. The task of the Loft Burst Alert System (LBAS) is therefore to detect in near- real-time GRBs (about 120 detections expected per year) and other transient sources, and to deliver their localization in less than 30 seconds to the observers, via a VHF antenna network. Real-time full resolution data download to ground being impossible, the real-time data processing is performed onboard by the LBOT (LOFT Burst On-board Trigger system). In this article we present the LBAS and its components, the LBOT and the associated ground-segment.
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