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arXiv 1606.07569cond-mat.str-el
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二维拓扑相中的对称分数次化

Symmetry Fractionalization in Two Dimensional Topological Phases

Xie Chen

摘要:

对称分数化描述了二维拓扑系统中激发在对称性下以分数方式变换的有趣现象。例如,在分数量子霍尔系统中,激发可以携带分数电荷,而组成系统的电子具有电荷1。一个重要的问题是要了解什么样的对称分解(SF)模式是可能的给定不同类型的拓扑顺序和不同的对称性。近年来,在对SF模式进行分类方面取得了很大进展,为深入了解自旋液体和拓扑绝缘体等系统的强相关实验特征提供了重要的参考。我们回顾了这方面的最新发展。首先,它表明,SF模式需要满足一些简单的一致性条件。更有趣的是,人们认识到,一些看似一致的SF模式实际上是“不一致的”,即它们不能在严格的2D系统中实现。我们回顾了各种方法,已经开发出检测这种异常。应用这样的理解二维自旋液体允许一个列举所有潜在的可实现的SF模式,并提出数值和实验探测方法来区分它们。另一方面,反常的SF图案被证明存在于3D系统的表面上,并且反映了3D块体中的非平凡顺序。我们回顾了这种例子,其中体状态是拓扑绝缘体,拓扑超导体,或有其他对称性保护的拓扑秩序。

英文摘要:

Symmetry fractionalization describes the fascinating phenomena that excitations in a 2D topological system can transform under symmetry in a fractional way. For example in fractional quantum Hall systems, excitations can carry fractional charges while the electrons making up the system have charge one. An important question is to understand what symmetry fractionalization (SF) patterns are possible given different types of topological order and different symmetries. A lot of progress has been made recently in classifying the SF patterns, providing deep insight into the strongly correlated experimental signatures of systems like spin liquids and topological insulators. We review recent developments on this topic. First, it was shown that the SF patterns need to satisfy some simple consistency conditions. More interesting, it was realized that some seemingly consistent SF patterns are actually `anomalous', i.e. they cannot be realized in strictly 2D systems. We review various methods that have been developed to detect such anomalies. Applying such an understanding to 2D spin liquid allows one to enumerate all potentially realizable SF patterns and propose numerical and experimental probing methods to distinguish them. On the other hand, the anomalous SF patterns were shown to exist on the surface of 3D systems and reflect the nontrivial order in the 3D bulk. We review examples of this kind where the bulk states are topological insulators, topological superconductors, or have other symmetry protected topological orders.

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